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CBSE 8 Mathematics
Explore and master the fundamentals of CBSE 8 Mathematics
You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.Chapter 1
Rational Numbers
Rational numbers encompass integers, whole numbers, and natural numbers, thus expanding the number system to allow for the solutions of various equations. The chapter discusses key properties of rational numbers, including closure, commutativity, associativity, and the identities for addition and multiplication, as well as the distributive property. Understanding these properties provides foundational skills in mathematical operations involving rational numbers.
Chapter 2
Linear Equations in One Variable
Linear equations in one variable are algebraic equations where the highest power of the variable is one. This chapter addresses techniques for solving such equations, including those with variables on both sides and methods for reducing equations to simpler forms. The importance of understanding linear equations is emphasized, as they are foundational for solving a variety of real-life problems.
Chapter 3
Understanding Quadriaterals
The chapter provides a detailed exploration of quadrilaterals, defining various types including convex and concave polygons, regular and irregular polygons, and specific shapes such as trapeziums, kites, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, and squares. It highlights the properties of each shape, especially focusing on sides, angles, and diagonals. A series of exercises and activities engage students in classification, calculation, and exploration of geometric principles related to quadrilaterals.
Chapter 4
Data Handling
Data is essential in organizing and interpreting information for various contexts, whether in sports statistics, academic performance, or personal preferences. Visual representations such as pictographs, bar graphs, and pie charts play a crucial role in simplifying the comprehension of complex data. Understanding the basis of probability and its relation to real-world scenarios also helps in making informed decisions based on data-driven insights.
Chapter 5
Squares and Square Roots
The chapter explores the properties and implications of square numbers, demonstrating their significance through examples and exercises. It elaborates on identifying perfect squares, understanding patterns in square numbers, and applying various mathematical concepts such as Pythagorean triplets and square roots. Furthermore, it introduces techniques for estimating and calculating square roots using different methods.
Chapter 6
Cubes and Cube Roots
The chapter explores the concept of cubes and cube roots, highlighting their mathematical significance and interesting patterns. It emphasizes the relationship between cubes and their prime factors, and introduces the Hardy-Ramanujan numbers, known for being expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways. The chapter also covers methods for determining perfect cubes and their roots through prime factorization and provides numerous exercises to reinforce understanding.
Chapter 7
Comparing Quantities
This chapter explores the concepts of comparing quantities, including ratios, percentages, discounts, sales tax, and the basics of compound interest. It provides practical examples and exercises to help understand how to calculate these quantities in various scenarios, from everyday applications to financial calculations. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding percent changes in different contexts, such as population growth and depreciation.
Chapter 8
Algebraic Expressions and Identities
The chapter covers algebraic expressions and their manipulation, focusing on addition, subtraction, multiplication, and the use of identities. Key methodologies such as the distributive law, combining like terms, and finding areas and volumes through algebraic expressions are discussed. By understanding the fundamentals of algebraic expressions, students can efficiently address mathematical problems involving variables and constants.
Chapter 9
Mensuration
This chapter explores the concepts of mensuration, focusing on calculating the area and perimeter of various plane figures, including polygons and quadrilaterals. It also covers the surface area and volume of solid shapes such as cubes, cuboids, and cylinders, emphasizing practical applications through examples and exercises.
Chapter 10
Exponents and Powers
The chapter covers the concept of exponents and their applications, including operations with positive and negative exponents, and expressing numbers in standard form. It emphasizes the laws that govern exponents and provides examples to help clarify these rules. Additionally, the chapter discusses how to represent very large and very small numbers, making them easier to interpret and manage.
Chapter 11
Direct and Inverse Proportions
The chapter discusses the concepts of direct and inverse proportions, illustrating how changes in one quantity affect another. Through various examples and activities, it highlights relationships where quantities increase or decrease together or inversely. The chapter further delves into practical applications, enabling students to understand and apply these mathematical principles in real-life situations.
Chapter 12
Factorisation
The chapter covers the concepts of factorization including the identification of factors of natural numbers and algebraic expressions. It explains various methods for factorizing algebraic expressions through common factors, regrouping, and identities. The division of algebraic expressions is also introduced, presenting methods for dividing monomials and polynomials.
Chapter 13
INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS
Graphs serve as visual representations of data, enabling quick and easy understanding, especially when showing trends or comparisons. Different types of graphs, particularly line graphs, display continuously changing data over time. The relationship between independent and dependent variables can be effectively demonstrated through these graphs, guiding insights into variations and relationships between quantities.