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The chapter explores different types of numbers in mathematics, including natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, and real numbers, highlighting their unique characteristics. It details how real numbers can be represented on a number line and outlines the operations and laws of exponents applicable to these numbers. Finally, it emphasizes the significance of decimal expansions in distinguishing between rational and irrational numbers, laying a foundation for further studies in algebra.
Triangles are fundamental geometric shapes characterized by three sides, three angles, and three vertices. Congruent triangles possess identical sizes and shapes, established through several congruence criteria including SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, and RHS. This chapter also delves into triangle properties and inequalities, providing essential insights into the relationships between triangle sides and angles.