What is a Solution?
A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Solutions are found in everyday life, including liquids like lemonade and soda, and also in gases such as air. Each solution consists of at least one solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and one solvent, which is the substance that dissolves the solute. The solvent is usually present in larger amounts. When mixed, the particles are so small (less than 1 nm) that they cannot be seen and do not scatter light, making solutions stable.
Key Points:
- Types of Solutions:
- Solutions can be found in different states: liquids (e.g., saltwater), gases (e.g., air), and solid solutions (e.g., alloys).
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When a solution reaches the point where no more solute can be dissolved at a certain temperature, it is termed a saturated solution.
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Concentration of Solutions:
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Solutions can be classified based on the concentration of the solute, which can be dilute, concentrated, or saturated.
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Differences with Other Mixtures:
- Solutions differ from suspensions and colloidal mixtures in particle size and properties. In a suspension, particles are visible and will settle out, while colloidal particles are intermediate in size and may scatter light (known as the Tyndall effect).
Overall, understanding solutions is pivotal for future studies in chemistry, particularly in areas like chemical reactions and material properties.