5. The Fundamental Unit of Life

Cells are the fundamental unit of life, comprising a range of structures that perform essential functions. They are classified into prokaryotic and eukaryotic types, with distinct differences in structure and organization. The chapter covers the various components of cells, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and their respective functions in living organisms.

Sections

  • 5

    The Fundamental Unit Of Life

    This section discusses the discovery of cells and their fundamental role as the basic unit of life, detailing cell structures and functions.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.1

    What Are Living Organisms Made Up Of?

    This section explores the structure and significance of cells in living organisms, highlighting their composition and various types.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2

    What Is A Cell Made Up Of?

    This section explores the fundamental components of a cell, highlighting the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, and their crucial functions.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.1

    Plasma Membrane Or Cell Membrane

    The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, acts as a protective barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining its internal environment.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.2

    Cell Wall

    The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells, mainly composed of cellulose.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.3

    Nucleus

    The nucleus is a vital cell organelle that contains genetic material and regulates cell activities.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.4

    Cytoplasm

    Cytoplasm is the aqueous content within a cell that houses various organelles and is essential for cellular functions.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.5

    Cell Organelles

    This section discusses various important organelles found in eukaryotic cells, highlighting their structures, functions, and significance.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.5.1

    Endoplasmic Reticulum

    The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital organelle involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids within eukaryotic cells.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.5.2

    Golgi Apparatus

    The Golgi apparatus is a key organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles within the cell.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.5.3

    Lysosomes

    Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles filled with digestive enzymes that serve as the cell's waste disposal system, crucial for maintaining cellular health.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.5.4

    Mitochondria

    Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, generating energy in the form of ATP.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.5.5

    Plastids

    Plastids, found only in plant cells, are essential organelles that include chloroplasts for photosynthesis and leucoplasts for storage.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.5.6

    Vacuoles

    Vacuoles are membrane-bound storage sacs within cells, characterized by their size and function in storing various substances.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.6

    Cell Division

    Cell division is a critical process in biology, allowing organisms to grow, replace dead cells, and produce gametes.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2.7

    Exercises

    The section explores exercises related to cell structure and function, helping students understand key concepts through practical application.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • The fundamental organisatio...
  • Cells are enclosed by a pla...
  • The cell membrane regulates...

Final Test

Revision Tests

Chapter FAQs