1.9. Key Historical Contributions in Material Science

Try these first

1. 1.

   Who invented Portland cement?

   Hint

   Think about the name Portland.

2. 2.

   What type of mortar is used to build structures underwater?

   Hint

   It can set while submerged.

3. 3.

   Who invented Portland cement?

   • A. John Smeaton
   • B. Joseph Aspdin
   • C. François Hennebique

   Hint

   Remember the name associated with hydraulic binders.

4. 4.

   True or False: Hydraulic lime mortar can set under water.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider where hydraulic structures are built.

5. 5.

   Design a modern structure using the concepts introduced by Aspdin and Hennebique. Discuss material choices and their properties.

   Hint

   Think about the uses and strengths of each material.

6. 6.

   Explore how Kirkaldy’s testing methods could be improved using technology today. What innovations could apply?

   Hint

   Focus on the advancements in technology since Kirkaldy's time.