3.3. Types of Sulphate Attack

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is an external sulphate attack?

   Hint

   Think of the environment around the concrete.

2. 2.

   Name one source of internal sulphate attack.

   Hint

   Recall materials that might contain sulphate.

3. 3.

   What is the primary cause of external sulphate attack?

   • Sulphate ions from internal sources
   • Seawater and soil
   • High water-cement ratio

   Hint

   Think about where sulphate ions might come from related to the environment.

4. 4.

   Internal sulphate attack arises from which source?

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Is it coming from outside sources or inside?

5. 5.

   Analyze a construction project where concrete will be placed near a sulphate-rich soil area. List at least five design considerations to prevent sulphate attacks.

   Hint

   Think about each phase of the project design and what materials can effectively resist sulphate.

6. 6.

   Evaluate the effects of internal sulphate attack occurring in an existing structure. What steps should be taken to assess and remediate the damage?

   Hint

   Consider what assessment methods and remedial actions might apply in cases of structural damage.