15.3. Carbonation

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is carbonation in concrete?

   Hint

   Think about how carbon dioxide interacts with materials.

2. 2.

   Name a consequence of carbonation.

   Hint

   What happens to steel when it loses its protective layer?

3. 3.

   What process leads to the reduction of alkalinity in concrete?

   • Hydration
   • Carbonation
   • Erosion

   Hint

   Think about gas interactions with concrete.

4. 4.

   True or False: Carbonation can potentially lead to corrosion of embedded reinforcement.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider the role of alkalinity in protecting metal.

5. 5.

   Given a scenario where high levels of industrial CO₂ exposure are present, discuss the long-term implications for concrete structures in urban environments.

   Hint

   Consider environmental factors and their effects on concrete longevity.

6. 6.

   Design a concrete mix specification to minimize carbonation effects, considering common urban pollutants.

   Hint

   Think about optimizing concrete composition for fewer voids.