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In this section, we explore the key differences between federal and unitary governments, emphasizing how power is shared between a central authority and regional units in federal systems, as opposed to the centralization found in unitary systems.
Federalism contrasts sharply with unitary systems of government. Federalism is characterized by a clear division of powers between a central authority and regional governments, allowing each level of government to operate independently within its jurisdiction. Examples include the United States, India, and Brazil, where power is constitutionally guaranteed and each government level answers to its citizens. In contrast, unitary governments, such as Sri Lanka, consolidate authority in the central government, which can dictate terms to sub-national units. The advantages of federalism include accommodating regional diversity while promoting national unity, whereas unitary systems centralize power, often leading to uniform policies across diverse populations.
Federalism involves a dual system of government.
Unitary systems centralize power in a single government.
Jurisdictions are defined to maintain order in legislating.
Constitution protects power distribution in federations.
Conflicts can arise from overlapping authorities.
Federalism splits the rule, regional voices make it cool!
Imagine a big family, each member has their own room but shares the living space. That's like federalism, balancing independence and unity.
F.U.N.B. - Federalism Understands Narrow Boundaries (distinguishes regional powers).
The USA is a classic example of federalism, with states having their own laws.
Sri Lanka operates as a unitary state, where the national government holds most of the power.
Term: Federalism
Definition: A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units.
A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units.
Term: Unitary Government
Definition: A system of governance in which a single central government holds most of the power.
A system of governance in which a single central government holds most of the power.
Term: Jurisdiction
Definition: The legal authority to govern or legislate within a specified area or subject.
The legal authority to govern or legislate within a specified area or subject.
Term: Constitution
Definition: The fundamental law defining the structure, powers, and duties of government institutions.
The fundamental law defining the structure, powers, and duties of government institutions.
Term: Checks and Balances
Definition: A system designed to ensure that no single branch or level of government becomes too powerful.
A system designed to ensure that no single branch or level of government becomes too powerful.