Detailed Summary
Resources encompass everything available in our environment that can fulfill human needs, provided they are accessible through technology, economical to use, and culturally accepted. The transformative process that converts environmental elements into resources implies a dynamic interaction between nature, technology, and institutions. Humans play a vital role by transforming natural materials into useful resources.
Resources can be categorized based on:
- Origin: Biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living).
- Exhaustibility: Renewable (can be replenished) and non-renewable (finite amount).
- Ownership: Individual, community, national, or international.
- Development Status: Potential (not yet exploited), developed stock (ready for use), and reserves (available for future extraction).
Although resources were once considered free gifts of nature, indiscriminate usage has led to significant problems such as depletion, social inequality, and environmental crises like pollution and climate change. Consequently, resource planning for holistic and sustainable development has become crucial. The Rio Earth Summit and Agenda 21 emphasize sustainable development, addressing both environmental protection and socio-economic conditions. Various regions in India exhibit diversity in resource availability, necessitating comprehensive planning to ensure balanced development and prevent ecologically harmful practices. Conservation of resources is essential to maintain future needs and uphold environmental integrity, aligning with Gandhiji's ideal of using resources not for greed, but for sustenance.