Bhoodan – Gramdan
The Bhoodan-Gramdan movement is a significant social reform initiative in India, fundamentally linked to Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of non-violence and community well-being. Vinoba Bhave, regarded as Gandhi's spiritual heir, played a crucial role in this movement after Gandhi's martyrdom.
Origin of the Movement:
The movement took form during a padyatra when Bhave encountered landless villagers in Pochampalli, Andhra Pradesh, who expressed their need for land for their economic well-being. In response, Bhave promised to advocate for their needs with the government if they adopted cooperative farming methods. This culminated in an unexpected act of generosity when Shri Ram Chandra Reddy donated 80 acres of land to be shared among 80 landless villagers. This moment marked the inception of the ‘Bhoodan’ movement, which is the Hindi word for 'land gift'.
Key Features and Expansion of the Movement:
Inspired by this act, the Bhoodan movement spread throughout India, with several zamindars (landowners) offering their land voluntarily for redistribution. This act of philanthropy was known as ‘Gramdan’, which entailed giving entire villages to the landless for cooperative cultivation. However, many landowners participated in the movement to avoid potential legal consequences from the land ceiling act.
Significance:
Overall, the Bhoodan-Gramdan movement represents a ‘bloodless revolution’ aiming to rectify agrarian injustices in India. It not only addresses the critical issue of land distribution but also encourages sustainable agricultural practices through collective farming.