Tissue Culture
Tissue culture is an innovative agricultural technique that enables the growth of new plants from a specific tissue sample taken from the parent plant, usually from the growing tip. Once the cells are removed, they are placed in a carefully formulated artificial medium that provides the necessary nutrients and environment for rapid cell division. This process forms a callus, a mass of undifferentiated cells.
The next vital step involves transferring this callus to another medium supplemented with specific growth hormones that signal the cells to differentiate into various plant tissues. Eventually, these cells develop into small plantlets, which can be transferred to soil, where they grow into fully mature plants.
Tissue culture is widely utilized for the propagation of plants under disease-free conditions, significantly increasing the production of various ornamental plants and crops. It provides several advantages, including the ability to produce many genetically identical plants from a single parent, ensuring uniformity in desired traits, and accelerating the breeding process. As a result, tissue culture is an essential technique in modern agriculture that fosters efficient plant propagation.