Distribution of Major Industries
This section provides an analysis of the distribution and classification of major industries based on factors such as raw materials, size, and ownership. Industries are essential economic activities that transform raw materials into goods or services that add value.
Classification of Industries:
1. By Raw Materials: Industries can be classified into:
- Agro-based Industries: Use plant and animal products (e.g., food processing, textile).
- Mineral-based Industries: Employ mineral ores for production (e.g., iron and steel).
- Marine-based Industries: Utilize products from the sea (e.g., seafood processing).
- Forest-based Industries: Depend on forest resources (e.g., pulp and paper manufacturing).
- By Size:
- Small Scale Industries: Use less capital and technology, producing goods in smaller quantities (e.g., handicrafts).
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Large Scale Industries: Characterized by a higher capital investment with mass production (e.g., automobile manufacturing).
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By Ownership:
- Private Sector Industries: Owned by individuals or groups (e.g., pharmaceutical companies).
- Public Sector Industries: Owned by the government (e.g., Steel Authority of India).
- Joint Sector Industries: Owned by both the state and private players (e.g., Maruti Udyog).
- Cooperative Sector Industries: Owned by the producers or suppliers themselves (e.g., Amul).
Factors Affecting Industrial Location: The placement of industries is influenced by various factors including the availability of raw materials, capital, land, labor, transport facilities, power resources, and the proximity to markets. Government incentives can also encourage the establishment of industries in underdeveloped regions, promoting industrialization that contributes to urban growth.
Major Industries:
The world’s major industries include the iron and steel industry, textile industry, and the emerging information technology sector, with different regions specializing in specific sectors based on resource availability and technological advancements.