How do We Know?
In this section, we delve into how historians gather information to write about Indian history over the past 250 years. One key source is the official records produced by the British colonial administration, which documented every decision, plan, and investigation. This practice resulted in a meticulous catalog of memos, reports, and government archives. The British ethos mandated the preservation of vital documents across various governmental institutions, leading to the establishment of considerable record-keeping systems including the National Archives and museums.
The colonial administration also popularized the practice of surveying as a means to understand and effectively manage the vast territories of India. From the early 19th century forward, extensive mapping and numerous specialized surveys (revenue, botanical, zoological, archaeological) were conducted to gather comprehensive data on India's geography, society, and natural resources.
However, while bolstering understanding through these records, historians recognize that they primarily reflect official perspectives. To uncover the broader scope of historical narratives, it's crucial to explore other forms of documentation, including newspapers, diaries of individuals, and accounts from marginalized groups. This multifaceted approach allows historians to construct a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of historical events beyond the bureaucratic lens.