Detailed Summary
In the aftermath of the 1857 revolt, the British took decisive steps to reshape their governance in India. The British Parliament's 1858 Act transferred control from the East India Company to the British Crown, marking a shift towards more responsible management of Indian affairs. A Secretary of State for India was appointed, supported by an advisory council known as the India Council. Furthermore, the title of Viceroy was given to the Governor-General, making them a direct representative of the Crown.
Changes were also made regarding the Indian rulers. They were assured that their territories would not be annexed and could pass on their kingdoms to heirs, while still acknowledging the British Queen as the ultimate sovereign.
The military structure saw a reduction in Indian soldiers and an increase in European soldiers, alongside a shift in recruitment strategies that favored Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Pathans. Moreover, the British government treated Muslims with suspicion, confiscating their property following their perceived involvement in the uprising. On the social front, the British acknowledged and respected local customs and practices, while policies were formulated to secure the rights of landlords and zamindars.
These policies initiated a new chapter in Indian history, aiming to prevent future unrest while maintaining British authority.