Irrigation
Irrigation plays a crucial role in agriculture as it provides the necessary water to ensure the healthy growth and development of crops. Water absorbs minerals and fertilizers from the soil, which are essential for plant health. Given that plants are composed of nearly 90% water, the presence of adequate moisture is imperative for seed germination and nutrient transportation throughout the plant. Without irrigation, it would be challenging to maintain soil moisture during growth periods, crucial for crops during hotter seasons.
Importance of Irrigation
Irrigation is defined as the supply of water to crops at regular intervals. The timing and frequency of irrigation depend on various factors, including the type of crop, soil condition, and seasonal climate variations. In summer, for instance, crops may need watering more frequently due to higher evaporation rates.
Sources and Methods of Irrigation
Sources of irrigation include wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, and canals, which provide water to the fields. Traditional methods such as moats, chain pumps, dhekli, and rahat have been used historically, often employing animal or human labor to lift water, making them cheaper but sometimes less efficient.
Modern methods, such as the sprinkler and drip systems, promote efficient water use. The sprinkler system utilizes pipes with rotating nozzles to simulate rainfall, particularly useful in uneven terrain, while the drip system delivers water directly to the plant roots drop by drop, minimizing waste—a vital technology in water-scarce areas. These methods of irrigation not only conserve water but also ensure that crops receive the right amount of moisture they require for growth.