Chemical Effects of Electric Current
In this section, we delve into the chemical effects caused by electric current, specifically focusing on the conduction properties of different liquids. We learn about conductors and insulators, and the importance of testing various substances to ascertain their ability to conduct electricity. The section begins by discussing solid conductors like copper and aluminum, and transitions into testing liquids using a simple electric tester with a battery. Through a series of experiments, we find that most liquids that conduct electricity are solutions of acids, bases, and salts.
Furthermore, it is essential to distinguish between good and poor conductors. For instance, liquids such as lemon juice and vinegar are identified as good conductors, while distilled water is noted as a poor conductor until an ionic substance, such as salt, is dissolved. The text also explains that when electric current passes through these conducting solutions, it may cause chemical reactions, leading to observable changes like gas formation and color changes. This understanding lays the groundwork for the concept of electroplating, where unwanted metals are coated with a layer of another metal through electrical methods. Overall, this section emphasizes the practical implications of electric currents and their vital role in chemical processes.