Detailed Summary of Section 5: EXERCISE
India is known for its vast geographical diversity, encapsulated within several major physiographic divisions, including mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands. Each of these divisions displays unique characteristics and geological formations. The Himalayas, for instance, are the most prominent mountain range, geologically young and consisting of three main parallel ranges. In contrast, the Northern Plains, formed by alluvial deposits from major rivers, contrast starkly with the rugged, ancient Peninsular Plateau, constituted of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Major Physiographic Divisions:
- The Himalayan Mountains: Stretching from west to east, these mountains form a formidable barrier with high peaks such as Mt. Everest and Kanchenjunga. They also include sub-ranges like Himachal and Shiwaliks, with diverse altitudinal variations and valleys.
- The Northern Plains: Formed primarily by the Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra river systems, these plains are fertile and densely populated, consisting of alluvial soil and featuring regions like Doab and Terai.
- The Peninsular Plateau: An ancient landmass characterized by its tablelands and rounded hills, divided into Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau, famous for its mineral resources.
- The Indian Desert: Located in the west, this region is arid with sand dunes, minimal rainfall, and sparse vegetation.
- The Coastal Plains: Narrow strips along the western and eastern coasts that include notable features like the Konkan and Malabar coasts.
- The Islands: Two main groups, Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, known for their biodiversity and strategic importance.
These geographical features collectively enrich India's natural resources and potential for development.