Advancing Monsoon (The Rainy Season)
The advancing monsoon is a crucial climatic phenomenon for India, commencing in early June each year. This season is characterized by the influx of southwest monsoon winds, which originate from the southern subtropical regions. These winds, known for their strength, typically reach an average velocity of 30 km/h as they journey over warm ocean waters, absorbing considerable moisture before making landfall.
Key Features of the Advancing Monsoon
- The monsoon winds primarily impact the western coast and northeastern regions of India, where heavy rainfall occurs. For example, the Western Ghats often receive over 250 cm of rain during this period.
- The northeast part of India, particularly Mawsynram, receives the highest average rainfall in the world due to these winds.
- Rainfall distribution during the monsoon is uneven, with areas like Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat experiencing scanty rainfall, often less than 10 cm.
Monsoon Interruptions
The monsoon is characterized by 'breaks' in rainfall, creating periods of dry spells interspersed with heavy rains. This fluctuation is influenced by shifts in the monsoon trough, which can lead to areas facing droughts while others may suffer from floods, illustrating the variability of the monsoon.
Severe Weather Events
Tropical depressions and cyclones, which originate over the Bay of Bengal, can lead to severe weather events, including heavy rainfall along the eastern coast, particularly affecting states like Odisha and West Bengal. The frequency and intensity of these cyclones often lead to significant disruptions in both life and agriculture.
Conclusion
The advancing monsoon not only provides the essential water needed for agriculture, impacting the livelihoods of millions but also connects diverse climatic regions within India. Understanding its patterns can aid in better agricultural planning and disaster preparedness.