The Cold Weather Season (Winter)
The cold weather season in India, marked from mid-November to February, presents unique climatic characteristics that significantly impact the regional weather patterns, agriculture, and living conditions. December and January are the coldest months, with temperatures varying dramatically from the south to the north of India. For instance, Chennai experiences an average temperature of around 24–25°C, while regions in the northern plains may drop to 10–15°C.
During this period, the northeast trade winds dominate, leading to dry conditions for the majority of the country. A notable exception is the Tamil Nadu coast, which receives some rainfall due to these winds blowing from sea to land. Additionally, a high-pressure system develops in the northern plains, creating clear skies and generally low humidity.
Cyclonic disturbances from the western regions occasionally arrive during winter, bringing essential but limited winter rains known locally as 'mahawat', which are vital for the agricultural practices, especially for 'rabi' crop cultivation. Conversely, the peninsular region displays minimal seasonal temperature variation due to the moderating influence of the adjacent sea.