Tropical Deciduous Forests
Tropical Deciduous Forests are among the most extended forest types in India, often referred to as monsoon forests due to their association with monsoonal rainfall. India experiences rainfall ranging from 200 cm to 70 cm in these forests, allowing a rich variety of flora and fauna to thrive. Notably, these forests are categorized into two main types: moist and dry deciduous forests.
Moist Deciduous Forests
The moist deciduous forests thrive in areas receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 100 cm. Predominantly found in northeastern states, Jharkhand, and the foothills of the Himalayas, these forests showcase a diverse range of species, with teak being the most prominent. They also support species such as sal, shisham, and sandalwood, each offering economic value through timber and non-timber products.
Dry Deciduous Forests
In contrast, dry deciduous forests are found in regions where rainfall ranges from 100 cm to 70 cm, often located in the drier sections of Peninsular India and parts of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The flora is adapted to withstand periods of drought, featuring teak, sal, peepal, and neem trees. However, extensive agricultural practices have led to significant deforestation in these areas.
Biodiversity and Fauna
Tropical Deciduous Forests harbor various animal species, such as lions, tigers, elephants, and a wide variety of birds and reptiles. This biodiversity contributes to the complexity of the ecosystem, paramount for ecological balance and sustainability.