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The discovery of electrons and protons transformed our understanding of atomic structure, revealing that atoms are not indivisible but instead consist of charged particles that balance each other within the atom.
In this section, we explore the concept that atoms and molecules are foundational to matter. Initially thought to be indivisible, the advent of experiments in the late 19th century uncovered sub-atomic particles within the atom. Notably, J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1900 marked a significant shift in atomic theory, demonstrating that atoms comprised smaller units. Alongside this, E. Goldstein's identification of the proton provided insight into atomic structure, leading to the understanding that protons and electrons balance each other's charges within an atom. This knowledge paved the way for more complex atomic models, suggesting that matter at the atomic level is a dynamic interplay of charged particles rather than solid entities.
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus, contributing to the atomic mass.
Charge Balance: The concept that atoms are neutral overall because they contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Protons are positive and keep atoms in line, Electrons dance around, making them shine!
Once upon a time in an atom land, Protons and electrons formed a band. Protons played strong in the Nucleus town, While Electrons danced around without a frown!
Remember 'PENE' for Protons are Positive, Electrons are Negative.
Example 1: Rubbing a glass rod with silk produces a negative charge on the rod due to the electrons being transferred.
Example 2: The identification of the proton came from observing canal rays, which behave differently than electrons in experiments.
Term: Atom
Definition: The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus and orbiting electrons.
The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus and orbiting electrons.
Term: Electron
Definition: A negatively charged sub-atomic particle found in atoms.
A negatively charged sub-atomic particle found in atoms.
Term: Proton
Definition: A positively charged sub-atomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom.
A positively charged sub-atomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom.
Term: Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)
Definition: A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.
A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.