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This section introduces the concept of valency, describing how the number of valence electrons determines an atom's ability to bond with other atoms. The section explains the significance of electron arrangement in determining chemical reactivity and stability.
Valency is the measure of an atom's ability to engage in chemical bonding with other atoms and is determined by the number of electrons in its outermost shell—known as valence electrons. The outermost shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, following the octet rule. Atoms strive for a full outer shell, leading to stability and lower reactivity. Elements with a full outer shell exhibit minimal chemical activity, while those with incomplete shells actively lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve stability. For example: - Valency of Hydrogen (H): 1 - Valency of Magnesium (Mg): 2 - Valency of Chlorine (Cl): 1
Through this section, we understand how the valency of elements is linked to their electron configuration, with practical applications in predicting how different elements will combine chemically. The information provided is fundamental in both chemistry and understanding the nature of matter.
Valency: The capacity of an atom to bond based on electrons in its outer shell.
Outer Shell Electrons: Electrons in the outermost shell that determine reactivity.
Chemical Reactivity: How elements interact based on their valency.
Valence, valence, find your balance, study the shell—avoid mischance!
Once a sodium atom was lonely with its single electron. It searched for a friend, found chlorine, and they formed a bond by sharing—what a blend!
S.O.C. helps remember: Sodium loses One (1), Calcium loses Two (2), and Chlorine needs One (1) to achieve balance.
The valency of sodium (Na) is 1 as it has one electron in its outer shell.
Oxygen (O) has a valency of 2 because it requires two electrons to complete its outer shell.
Term: Valency
Definition: The combining capacity of an atom, based on the number of electrons in its outermost shell.
The combining capacity of an atom, based on the number of electrons in its outermost shell.
Term: Octet Rule
Definition: The principle stating that atoms tend to prefer having eight electrons in their valence shell.
The principle stating that atoms tend to prefer having eight electrons in their valence shell.
Term: Valence Electrons
Definition: Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.
Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.