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In this section, students engage in laboratory activities that involve testing various acid and base solutions with indicators such as litmus and phenolphthalein. They also explore olfactory indicators through experiments with onions, vanilla essence, and clove oil to understand the chemical properties of acids and bases.
This section emphasizes the significance of acids and bases in laboratory settings. Students perform experiments to classify various solutions, including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and sodium hydroxide, using different color indicators. The activities illustrate how specific indicators change color in response to acidic or basic conditions. For instance, litmus paper changes color based on the pH of the solution being tested, while phenolphthalein turns pink in basic solutions.
Additionally, the section introduces olfactory indicators — substances that change their smell depending on the acidity or basicity of a solution. Students explore this concept using chopped onions and various solutions of dilute acids and bases, leading to investigations involving vanilla essence and clove oil. The exploration of these olfactory indicators reinforces the broader discussion on the properties and reactions of acids and bases in the laboratory.
Acids and Bases: Substances characterized by their pH which can donate protons (acids) or accept protons (bases).
Indicators: Chemicals that change color based on the pH of the solution.
Olfactory Indicators: Substances that change their smell depending on the pH of a solution.
In acid it will go red, basic turns blue, that's what the litmus can do!
One day, a group of friends experimented in a lab. They noticed the onion’s smell change when they added HCl. They wondered, could it be a helpful indicator? Together, they uncovered the magic of olfactory indicators!
Remember 'LAP' for indicators: Litmus, Acidity, Phenolphthalein.
Using phenolphthalein, a basic solution will turn the indicator pink while an acidic solution remains colorless.
Chopped onions produce a characteristic smell that changes in response to acidic or basic solutions.
Term: Indicator
Definition: A substance that changes color when introduced to an acid or base.
A substance that changes color when introduced to an acid or base.
Term: Olfactory Indicator
Definition: A substance that changes its odor in response to an acidic or basic environment.
A substance that changes its odor in response to an acidic or basic environment.
Term: Litmus
Definition: A pH indicator derived from lichen, used to determine acidity or basicity.
A pH indicator derived from lichen, used to determine acidity or basicity.
Term: Phenolphthalein
Definition: An organic compound used as a chemical indicator in titrations, which turns pink in basic solutions.
An organic compound used as a chemical indicator in titrations, which turns pink in basic solutions.