2.1.3 How do Metal Carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates React with Acids?

Description

Quick Overview

This section discusses how metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acids, resulting in the formation of salts, carbon dioxide, and water.

Standard

In this section, we learn that metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acids to produce corresponding salts, carbon dioxide, and water. Specific experiments demonstrate these reactions, emphasizing the chemical equations involved and the observable results when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water.

Detailed

  • Reactions of Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates:
  • Both metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acidic solutions, yielding a salt, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).
  • Experiments Overview:
  • Two test tubes were prepared: one containing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and the other containing sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3).
  • Upon adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) to each, carbon dioxide gas was evolved.
  • Passing this gas through lime water confirmed its presence since it causes the lime water to turn milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
  • Chemical Reactions:
  • For sodium carbonate: Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
  • For sodium hydrogencarbonate: NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
  • When excess CO2 is passed through lime water, calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) forms, which is soluble in water.
  • Conclusion:
  • These reactions showcase the consistent behavior of both metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates in interactions with acids, highlighting their role in everyday chemical processes.

Key Concepts

  • Metal Carbonates: React with acids producing salts, carbon dioxide, and water.

  • Metal Hydrogencarbonates: Also yield salts and CO2 upon reacting with acids.

  • Lime Water Test: Used to confirm the presence of carbon dioxide in reactions.

Memory Aids

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • Metal carbonates and acids do align, salt and CO2 will surely shine!

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Once upon a time, a chemist mixed a carbonate with an acid, and much to his surprise, bubbles formed—carbon dioxide danced in joy as the salt crystallized along with water!

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Remember the acronym SCAW: Salts, Carbon Dioxide, Acids, Water to recall what happens in these reactions.

🎯 Super Acronyms

CARB for Carbonate And Reaction with Acid, generating Bubbles!

Examples

  • When sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, it produces sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

  • Sodium hydrogencarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to yield sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

Glossary of Terms

  • Term: Metal Carbonate

    Definition:

    A compound composed of a metal ion and a carbonate ion that reacts with acids to produce a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

  • Term: Metal Hydrogencarbonate

    Definition:

    A compound consisting of a metal ion and a hydrogencarbonate ion that also reacts with acids to yield a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

  • Term: Salt

    Definition:

    A product formed when an acid reacts with a base or a carbonate, typically characterized by ionic bonds.

  • Term: Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

    Definition:

    A colorless gas produced during the reaction of carbonates or hydrogencarbonates with acids, identifiable by its ability to turn lime water milky.