4.1.2. Abstract Argument Form

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is a valid argument?

   Hint

   Think about what it means for a conclusion to logically follow.

2. 2.

   Define Modus Ponens.

   Hint

   Remember the structure: P → Q, P, thus Q.

3. 3.

   Which of the following describes Modus Ponens?

   • If P
   • then Q; P
   • therefore Q
   • If P
   • then Q; Not P
   • therefore Q
   • Not P
   • therefore not Q

   Hint

   Think about the direct relationship between P and Q.

4. 4.

   True or False: A valid argument can have true premises that lead to a false conclusion.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Remember the definition of a valid argument.

5. 5.

   Create a complex argument using at least three premises and two rules of inference to derive a conclusion. Describe how the rules help establish validity.

   Hint

   Use clear, logical connections between premises.

6. 6.

   Identify a fallacy in one of your arguments and reconstruct it to remove the fallacy. Explain the logical flaw.

   Hint

   Look for assumptions that simplify complex scenarios.