Practice Universal Quantification Example (9.3.1) - Rules of Inferences in Predicate Logic - part A
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Universal Quantification Example

Practice - Universal Quantification Example

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Practice Questions

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Question 1 Easy

What does universal quantification refer to?

💡 Hint: Think about the meaning of 'all' in a context.

Question 2 Easy

Explain what a predicate is.

💡 Hint: Relate it to properties such as 'is a student' or 'has studied calculus.'

4 more questions available

Interactive Quizzes

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Question 1

What does the universal quantifier (∀x) imply?

It refers to at least one element
It refers to all elements
It excludes elements

💡 Hint: Think of the word 'all'.

Question 2

True or False: The statement ∀x (S(x) → C(x)) means that all students not enrolled in CS201 must have studied calculus.

True
False

💡 Hint: What does 'if ... then ...' mean in logic?

2 more questions available

Challenge Problems

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Challenge 1 Hard

Given a university where only some students are enrolled in calculus but everyone else has taken a different course, evaluate the statement: 'If a student is in calculus, they have studied algebra.' How would you express this in predicate logic, and is it logically sound?

💡 Hint: Review the conditions under which the statements remain true.

Challenge 2 Hard

Analyze the validity of stating 'Some birds can fly and are small' using predicates B(x) for birds and S(x) for small. How does changing this to ∃x (B(x) ∧ S(x)) affect the statement's meaning?

💡 Hint: Consider the difference between stating existence versus universality.

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