1.7. Plume Reflection and Concentration Models

Try these first

1. 1.

   What does emission rate indicate?

   Hint

   Think about what is being measured in terms of quantity.

2. 2.

   Define fugitive emissions.

   Hint

   Consider how emissions can be unplanned.

3. 3.

   What is the emission rate?

   • Total emissions released per time
   • Total emissions per volume
   • Total emissions per distance

   Hint

   Think about what is measured over time.

4. 4.

   True or False: Fugitive emissions are always planned.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider the definition of fugitive emissions.

5. 5.

   A factory emits nitrogen oxides at a rate of 40 lbs/hr. If the emission factor for the process is 0.02 lbs pollutant per unit of activity (here the activity is 2000 units), calculate the emission rate. Would the emission rate change if the activity was doubled?

   Hint

   Refer back to the relationships between emission factor and activity rate.

6. 6.

   Given a plume height of 50 meters with reflection considered, how can we mathematically illustrate the change at ground level concentration (using hypothetical numbers for concentration)?

   Hint

   Remember the principles behind adding contributions from sources and using the equations presented.