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IB Grade-12 Biology
The IB Biology course explores the study of living organisms across various levels of complexity, from molecular biology to ecosystems. It emphasizes the development of a deep understanding of biological concepts, the acquisition of practical and investigative skills, and the appreciation of the scientific process. The course is structured around four overarching themes: International Baccalaureate® Unity and Diversity: Exploring the commonalities and variations among living organisms. Form and Function: Understanding how biological structures relate to their functions. Interaction and Interdependence: Studying the interactions within and between organisms and their environments. Continuity and Change: Examining the mechanisms of inheritance and evolution. These themes are integrated across four levels of biological organization: molecules, cells, organisms, and ecosystems.
Course Chapters
Theme A: Unity and Diversity
The chapter explores fundamental biological concepts, starting with the unique properties of water and nucleic acids that form the foundation of life. It examines cell origins, structure, and the behavior of viruses, emphasizing cellular organization and the classification of organisms. The discussion extends to evolutionary processes, significance of biodiversity, and conservation strategies essential for maintaining ecological balance.
Theme B: Form and Function
The chapter examines the fundamental concepts of biology, including the structure and function of molecules, cells, and organisms, as well as their adaptations within ecosystems. It explores key biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and the mechanisms of cell membranes and transport. The chapter also discusses topics like gas exchange, transport systems in animals and plants, and the various types of adaptations that organisms exhibit in their environments.
Theme C: Interaction and Interdependence
The chapter explores the essential biological concepts of interaction and interdependence across various themes, including molecular biology with enzymes and metabolism, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, cellular communication, neural signaling, body systems integration, defense mechanisms against diseases, and ecosystem dynamics. Emphasis is placed on the interconnectivity of biological processes and the importance of energy flow and matter cycling in sustaining life.
Theme D: Continuity and Change
The chapter explores essential biological processes including DNA replication, protein synthesis, and cell division, highlighting key molecular mechanisms and their implications for genetics and inheritance. It further discusses gene expression, water potential in cells, reproduction, and the principles of natural selection and ecosystem dynamics. The interactions between species and their environment, along with the challenges posed by climate change, are presented as vital concepts in understanding biological continuity and change.