IB 12 Biology | Metabolism, Cell Respiration, and Photosynthesis by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Metabolism, Cell Respiration, and Photosynthesis

Metabolism, Cell Respiration, and Photosynthesis

Metabolism involves the totality of chemical reactions within organisms, organized into metabolic pathways, where enzymes play a crucial role in reducing activation energy. Cell respiration transforms biochemical energy into ATP through glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, while photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. Anaerobic respiration varies between organisms, with lactate produced in animals and ethanol in yeast.

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  1. 8
    Metabolism, Cell Respiration, And Photosynthesis (Hl)

    This section covers the processes of metabolism, cell respiration, and...

  2. 8.1
    Metabolism And Energy Cycles

    Metabolism involves all chemical reactions in living organisms, including...

  3. 8.1.1
    Metabolism Overview

    Metabolism includes all chemical reactions within organisms to maintain...

  4. 8.1.2
    Enzymes And Activation Energy

    This section explains the role of enzymes as biological catalysts that lower...

  5. 8.1.3
    Atp: The Energy Currency

    ATP is the primary energy carrier in cells, storing and releasing energy for...

  6. 8.2
    Cell Respiration

    Cell respiration is the process by which cells convert biochemical energy...

  7. 8.2.1

    Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, occurring in the...

  8. 8.2.2
    Link Reaction

    The link reaction connects glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, converting...

  9. 8.2.3
    Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

    The Krebs Cycle, or Citric Acid Cycle, is a series of enzymatic reactions in...

  10. 8.2.4
    Electron Transport Chain And Chemiosmosis

    The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis are crucial processes in...

  11. 8.3
    Photosynthesis

    Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose...

  12. 8.3.1
    Light-Dependent Reactions

    The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis convert light energy into...

  13. 8.3.2
    Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent Reactions)

    The Calvin Cycle is a series of light-independent reactions in...

  14. 8.4
    Comparison Of Anaerobic Respiration Types

    This section compares anaerobic respiration processes in animals, yeast, and...

  15. 8.4.1
    Anaerobic Respiration In Animals

    Anaerobic respiration in animals occurs in the absence of oxygen, converting...

  16. 8.4.2
    Anaerobic Respiration In Yeast And Plants

    Anaerobic respiration is a vital metabolic process in yeast and plants that...

  17. 8.4.3
    Comparison Table

    This section compares anaerobic respiration in animal cells and yeast/plant...

What we have learnt

  • Metabolism comprises all chemical reactions for life, categorized into anabolic and catabolic pathways.
  • Enzymes are catalysts that lower activation energy to enhance the speed of reactions.
  • Cell respiration occurs in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, generating ATP through various biochemical processes.

Key Concepts

-- Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in living organisms, essential for sustaining life.
-- ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells, storing energy in its phosphate bonds.
-- Cell Respiration
The metabolic processes that convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.
-- Photosynthesis
The process through which light energy is converted into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.
-- Anabolic Pathways
Metabolic pathways that synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones.
-- Catabolic Pathways
Metabolic pathways that break down complex molecules into simpler ones.

Additional Learning Materials

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