Theme B: Form and Function - IB 12 Sciences Biology
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Theme B: Form and Function

Theme B: Form and Function

The chapter examines the fundamental concepts of biology, including the structure and function of molecules, cells, and organisms, as well as their adaptations within ecosystems. It explores key biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and the mechanisms of cell membranes and transport. The chapter also discusses topics like gas exchange, transport systems in animals and plants, and the various types of adaptations that organisms exhibit in their environments.

14 sections

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Sections

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  1. 1

    This section introduces the basic building blocks of life, categorizing...

  2. 1.1
    Carbohydrates And Lipids

    Carbohydrates and lipids are essential organic molecules that serve vital...

  3. 1.2

    Proteins are essential polymers made from amino acids, responsible for a...

  4. 2

    This section covers the composition, structure, and function of essential...

  5. 2.1
    Membranes And Membrane Transport

    This section covers the structure and function of cell membranes,...

  6. 2.2
    Organelles And Compartmentalization

    Eukaryotic cells contain specialized organelles that compartmentalize...

  7. 2.3
    Cell Specialization

    Cell specialization involves the differentiation of cells to perform unique...

  8. 3

    This section discusses the key processes of gas exchange, transport systems,...

  9. 3.1
    Gas Exchange

    Gas exchange is the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide movement between...

  10. 3.2

    Transport mechanisms are vital processes in organisms that enable the...

  11. 3.3
    Muscle And Motility (Hl Only)

    Muscle contraction is crucial for movement in animals, involving different...

  12. 4

    This section explores how organisms adapt to their environments and their...

  13. 4.1
    Adaptation To Environment

    Adaptations are traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproduction...

  14. 4.2
    Ecological Niches

    Ecological niches define the role and position of a species in its...

What we have learnt

  • Carbohydrates and lipids are vital for energy storage and structural integrity in living organisms.
  • Proteins serve a multitude of functions including enzymatic activity, structural support, and transport.
  • Cell membranes regulate the movement of substances, which is crucial for cellular function and compartmentalization.

Key Concepts

-- Carbohydrates
Organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as energy sources or structural components.
-- Lipids
Hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, and steroids, essential for long-term energy storage and making up cell membranes.
-- Proteins
Polymers of amino acids; involved in virtually all cell functions.
-- Cell Membrane
A semi-permeable barrier composed of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates the entry and exit of substances.
-- Gas Exchange
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between organisms and their environment.
-- Adaptation
Traits that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in specific environments.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.