IB Grade 12 Physical and Health Education (SEHS) | Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology

The chapter examines the anatomy and physiology of the human body, highlighting the skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Each system is discussed in terms of its structure, functions, and mechanisms, emphasizing their roles in supporting movement, transporting nutrients and gases, and maintaining homeostasis during physical activity.

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Sections

  • 1

    Anatomy And Physiology

    This section covers the foundational aspects of the human skeletal and muscular systems, detailing their structures, functions, classifications, and interrelations.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1

    Skeletal System

    The skeletal system provides structure, protection, and supports movement in the human body.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1.1

    Structure Of The Skeletal System

    The skeletal system is the body's framework, providing shape, support, and protection, composed of living bones and connective tissues.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1.2

    Function Of The Skeletal System

    The skeletal system has critical functions, including providing support, protection, enabling movement, storing minerals and energy, and producing blood cells.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1.3

    Classification Of Bones

    Bones are categorized by their shape and function into long, short, flat, and irregular bones.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1.4

    Axial And Appendicular Skeleton

    The axial skeleton protects vital organs, while the appendicular skeleton enables movement and interaction with the environment.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2

    Muscular System

    The muscular system comprises three types of muscle tissues essential for body movement, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2.1

    Types Of Muscle Tissue

    This section covers the three types of muscle tissue in the human body: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, each with distinct structures and functions.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2.2

    Major Skeletal Muscles

    This section covers the primary skeletal muscles that facilitate movement in the human body.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2.3

    Mechanism Of Muscle Contraction

    Muscle contraction occurs through the sliding filament theory, involving interaction between actin and myosin filaments.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.3

    Cardiovascular System

    The cardiovascular system, comprising the heart and blood vessels, is essential for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.3.1

    Structure Of The Heart

    The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers that pumps blood throughout the body, featuring valves for one-way blood flow.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.3.2

    Function Of The Heart

    The heart serves as a double pump, facilitating both pulmonary and systemic circulation to ensure oxygen-rich blood is distributed throughout the body.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.3.3

    Blood Vessels And Circulation Pathways

    This section covers the types of blood vessels and the circulation pathways, which are essential for understanding how blood flows through the body.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.3.4

    Circulatory Pathways

    This section covers the circulatory pathways of the cardiovascular system, focusing on pulmonary and systemic circulation.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4

    Respiratory System

    The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange, allowing the body to oxygenate blood and expel carbon dioxide.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4.1

    Anatomy Of The Respiratory System

    The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange between the body and the environment.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4.2

    Mechanics Of Breathing

    This section describes the mechanics involved in inhalation and exhalation as critical processes for breathing.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4.3

    Gas Exchange Processes

    Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body through the alveoli in the lungs.

    Learning Practice

References

Untitled document (9).pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • The skeletal system provide...
  • Muscles work through contra...
  • The heart functions as a du...

Final Test

Revision Tests