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Chapter: Atmosphere and Climate Change

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Sections

  • 1

    The Atmosphere: Composition And Structure

    The atmosphere, composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, consists of several layers that play crucial roles in weather, radiation absorption, and climate regulation.

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  • 1.1

    Composition Of The Atmosphere

    The atmosphere comprises various gases, with nitrogen and oxygen being the most abundant.

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  • 1.2

    Layers Of The Atmosphere

    This section outlines the five layers of the atmosphere, detailing their altitudes and key features.

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  • 2

    Energy Balance And The Greenhouse Effect

    This section discusses how solar radiation and Earth's radiation contribute to energy balance, and explains the natural and enhanced greenhouse effect.

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  • 2.1

    Solar Radiation

    This section explains the process of solar radiation reaching Earth and its interaction with the atmosphere.

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  • 2.2

    Earth's Radiation

    Earth's Radiation refers to the longwave infrared radiation emitted by the Earth, which is affected by greenhouse gases that trap heat and contribute to warming.

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  • 2.3

    Greenhouse Effect

    The greenhouse effect is a natural process that maintains Earth's temperature, but human activities have enhanced it, leading to climate change.

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  • 3

    Greenhouse Gases And Their Sources

    This section discusses various greenhouse gases and their sources, highlighting their impact on climate change.

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  • 4

    Climate Vs Weather

    This section distinguishes between weather and climate, highlighting their different timescales, scopes, and characteristics.

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  • 5

    Causes Of Climate Change

    Climate change is driven by both natural and human-induced causes that disrupt the Earth's climate system.

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  • 5.1

    Natural Causes

    Natural causes of climate change include volcanic eruptions, solar activity variations, and ocean current cycles.

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  • 5.2

    Human-Induced Causes

    Human activities have significantly contributed to climate change through various industrial and ecological processes.

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  • 6

    Effects Of Climate Change

    Climate change has profound environmental, social, and economic impacts, affecting ecosystems and human health worldwide.

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  • 6.1

    Environmental Impacts

    This section discusses the various environmental impacts of climate change, including sea-level rise, ecosystem disruption, and extreme weather events.

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  • 6.2

    Social And Economic Impacts

    This section discusses the social and economic repercussions of climate change, highlighting issues such as food insecurity, water scarcity, and health risks.

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  • 7

    Climate Mitigation And Adaptation

    This section covers strategies for mitigating climate change and adapting to its impacts, emphasizing renewable energy and sustainable practices.

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  • 7.1

    Mitigation Strategies

    This section discusses various strategies to mitigate climate change, including the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency.

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  • 7.2

    Adaptation Strategies

    Adaptation strategies aim to prepare and adjust to the impacts of climate change to reduce vulnerability.

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  • 8

    International Agreements And Initiatives

    This section highlights key international agreements aimed at combating climate change.

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  • 8.1

    Unfccc – United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

    The UNFCCC serves as a pivotal framework for global efforts to combat climate change.

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  • 8.2

    Kyoto Protocol (1997)

    The Kyoto Protocol established legally binding commitments for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.

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  • 8.3

    Paris Agreement (2015)

    The Paris Agreement is a global covenant aimed at limiting global warming to well below 2°C, striving for 1.5°C, with nations submitting their commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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  • 9

    Climate Science And Data

    This section highlights key concepts of climate science, focusing on the role of the IPCC and the importance of climate data in understanding climate change.

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  • 10

    Summary

    The Earth's atmosphere is crucial for climate regulation, but human activities have disrupted its balance, leading to significant climate change challenges.

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  • 11

    Review Questions

    The Review Questions section assesses students' understanding of key concepts from the chapter on Atmosphere and Climate Change.

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References

10 IB es ch5.pdf

Class Notes

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