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Economic systems are essential frameworks for resource allocation and distribution of goods and services across societies. This chapter explores the different types of economic systems, including capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies, while discussing globalization and economic interdependence. Additionally, it highlights sustainable development principles and environmental economics as vital aspects of the economic landscape.
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Term: Capitalism
Definition: An economic system characterized by private ownership of capital goods and market-based production, driven by profit motives.
Term: Socialism
Definition: An economic system where the government owns means of production with the goal of achieving equal wealth distribution.
Term: Globalization
Definition: The process of increasing integration of economies worldwide through trade, investment, and labor movement.
Term: Sustainable Development
Definition: Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Term: Environmental Economics
Definition: A branch of economics focused on the economic effects of environmental policies and the market impacts of environmental externalities.