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ICSE Class 11 Economics introduces students to basic economic concepts, including demand and supply, national income, production, and market structures. It builds analytical skills and economic reasoning, laying a strong foundation for understanding how economies function at micro and macro levels.
Economics studies how individuals, businesses, and governments allocate limited resources to satisfy unlimited needs and wants. It encompasses key concepts such as scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost, which form the foundation of economic decision-making. By applying economic theories and models, stakeholders can make informed choices that improve living standards and promote growth.
India has experienced significant economic development since independence, transforming from an agrarian economy to a mixed economy with a growing services sector. Key phases in this development include the legacy of colonialism, post-independence economic policies, and major economic reforms initiated in 1991. However, challenges such as poverty, unemployment, inflation, and environmental issues persist.
Statistics is a branch of mathematics focused on the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. It plays a critical role in economics by assisting in decision-making, analyzing trends, predicting future outcomes, and formulating policies based on factual data. Essential statistical measures such as central tendency and dispersion help in understanding data distributions and relationships among variables.