Structure Of The Judiciary

The judiciary in India is hierarchically structured, comprising the Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts, each with defined functions and jurisdictions.

Supreme Court Of India

The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial body, ensuring the interpretation of laws, protection of rights, and administering justice in accordance with the Constitution.

High Courts

High Courts serve as the highest courts in states or union territories in India, with both original and appellate jurisdiction.

Subordinate Courts

This section discusses subordinate courts in India, detailing their structure, functions, and types.

Judicial Review

Judicial review is the power of courts to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions.

Functions Of The Judiciary

The judiciary performs vital functions such as interpreting laws, protecting rights, and resolving conflicts in society.

Interpretation Of Laws

The judiciary interprets laws enacted by the legislature to clarify their meaning and address ambiguities in their application.

Protection Of Fundamental Rights

The judiciary plays a crucial role in safeguarding fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution, allowing individuals to seek redress from violations.

Judicial Review

Judicial review is the power of courts to examine and invalidate legislative and executive actions that are inconsistent with the Constitution.

Conflict Resolution

The judiciary serves as a neutral forum for conflict resolution in India, ensuring peaceful and fair dispute resolution through a structured legal process.

Law Making (Judicial Activism)

Judicial activism indicates the judiciary's role in creating laws through interpretations and rulings, especially where gaps exist in legislation.

Upholding The Constitution

The judiciary plays a crucial role in upholding the Constitution in India by ensuring justice and interpreting legal frameworks.

Independence Of The Judiciary

The independence of the judiciary is vital for ensuring unbiased justice and maintenance of rule of law in India.

Features Ensuring Judicial Independence

Judicial independence in India is maintained through various features such as security of tenure, immunity from legislative control, financial independence, and specific processes for appointment and removal of judges.

Judicial Accountability

Judicial accountability ensures that judges are held responsible for their actions while maintaining their independence.

Role Of The Judiciary In A Democracy

The judiciary ensures the protection of rights and the upholding of the Constitution in a democracy.

Defender Of The Constitution

The judiciary plays a crucial role in safeguarding the Constitution by ensuring that all laws comply with its principles and protecting citizens’ fundamental rights.

Ensuring Rule Of Law

The judiciary plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law, ensuring that laws are applied fairly and impartially to all individuals and institutions.

Judicial Activism And Public Interest Litigation (Pil)

Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India enhances citizen participation in judiciary processes.

Challenges Faced By The Judiciary

The judicial system in India faces significant challenges, including case backlogs, understaffing, access issues, and political influence.