4. Urbanization (Growth, Problems, Solutions)
Urbanization is the process of increasing population movement to cities, driven by factors such as migration for jobs and education, natural population growth, and industrialization. The chapter discusses the driving factors of urban growth, the major problems arising from urbanization such as overcrowding and pollution, and various governmental and citizen-led solutions to these issues. A comparison between global and Indian urban populations highlights the differences in urbanization levels across countries.
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What we have learnt
- Urbanization is driven by migration, population growth, and industrialization.
- Major urbanization problems include overcrowding, pollution, and infrastructure strain.
- Solutions depend on government actions and active citizen participation.
Key Concepts
- -- Urbanization
- The process where an increasing percentage of a population moves to cities, resulting in urban growth.
- -- RuralUrban Migration
- The movement of people from rural areas to urban centers, often driven by the search for better employment opportunities and education.
- -- Smart Cities Mission
- An initiative by the Indian government to develop urban areas with a focus on innovative technologies for sustainable urban living.
- -- Overcrowding
- A situation in urban areas where the population exceeds the capacity of the infrastructure and resources, leading to housing and service crises.
- -- Pollution
- The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment, commonly from vehicles and industries, affecting air and water quality.
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