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Microcontroller
The module delves into modern microcontrollers, focusing on RISC architecture, particularly ARM. Key aspects include the principles and advantages of RISC processors, an overview of ARM processor families, and the essentials of interfacing with peripherals and sensors. The chapter culminates with development approaches, utilizing tools for programming and debugging ARM microcontrollers.
Course Chapters
Foundations of Microcomputer Systems
The module provides a comprehensive understanding of microcomputer systems, defining their components, evolution, and applications across various fields. It details the core functional components including the CPU, memory, and I/O units, alongside their operational principles and interconnections. The text emphasizes the significance of memory organization, addressing, number systems, data representation, and introduces assembly language, highlighting its practical applications in low-level programming for microcontrollers.
Microprocessor Architectures: 8085 and 8086
The chapter covers two seminal microprocessors: the 8085 and 8086, beginning with an overview of the 8085's architecture, its pin diagram, and its extensive instruction set. The text emphasizes the functionality of both microprocessors, detailing the 8086's advancements in terms of architecture, segmented memory, and enhanced instruction set, ultimately highlighting the evolution from 8-bit to 16-bit processing. Additionally, key differences between the 8085 and 8086 are meticulously examined, illustrating the significant leap in capabilities that shaped modern computing.
Memory Interfacing and Data Transfer Mechanisms
This module covers the processes by which microprocessors interact with memory, focusing on memory interfacing techniques, interrupts, and Direct Memory Access (DMA). Key concepts include the roles of decoding logic, addressing methods for SRAM and DRAM, handling interrupts efficiently, and utilizing DMA for high-speed data transfers. Each topic elucidates the mechanisms and challenges involved in optimizing data management and communication within microcomputer systems.
Interfacing with Essential Peripherals
The module explores essential peripheral devices and how microprocessors interface with them, focusing on Programmable Interval Timers, Serial Communication interfaces, Parallel Input/Output systems, and Analog-to-Digital/Digital-to-Analog Converters. Key principles discussed include operation modes of timers, various serial communication protocols, and interfacing techniques for these peripherals, emphasizing their applications in modern computing.
System Level Interfacing Design and Arithmetic Coprocessors
The module delves into system-level interfacing design principles and the role of arithmetic coprocessors in enhancing computational capabilities. It reviews bus architectures, signal conditioning, and the interplay between various buses in a microcomputer system while emphasizing the need for efficient peripheral interfacing and resolving address conflicts. The chapter culminates in an exploration of arithmetic coprocessors, particularly the Intel 8087, detailing their necessity, functions, and integration with CPUs to accelerate complex mathematical computations.
Advanced Microprocessor Architectures
This module delves into advanced microprocessor architectures, highlighting the evolution from simple systems to complex designs that incorporate techniques like virtual memory, caching, and parallel processing. Key advancements in Intel processors, such as the transition from CISC to RISC principles and innovations in memory management, set the foundation for modern computing and high performance. The discussion encompasses concepts like segmentation, paging, and cache coherence, alongside explorations of architectural advancements in the Intel x86 series, notably the 286, 386, and 486 families.
Microcontrollers: The 8051 System
The module delves into microcontrollers, particularly focusing on the 8051 family, highlighting their unique architecture, instruction sets, and on-chip peripherals. It contrasts microcontrollers with microprocessors, explaining their integral role in embedded systems. Practical insights into programming the 8051 in Assembly and C provide foundational knowledge for developing embedded applications.
Modern Microcontrollers: RISC and ARM
The module delves into modern microcontrollers, focusing on RISC architecture, particularly ARM. Key aspects include the principles and advantages of RISC processors, an overview of ARM processor families, and the essentials of interfacing with peripherals and sensors. The chapter culminates with development approaches, utilizing tools for programming and debugging ARM microcontrollers.