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Renewable Energy Engineering
Renewable Energy Engineering is an interdisciplinary course that equips students with the technical knowledge and practical skills required to develop sustainable energy solutions for a clean and resilient future. The subject emphasizes the scientific principles, engineering technologies, and system integration approaches associated with renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, tidal, and emerging alternatives.
Course Chapters
Introduction
The chapter discusses the fundamental concepts of energy, its types, and its conversion. It then introduces renewable energy technologies and their benefits, particularly in combating environmental issues like global warming, acid rain, and ozone depletion. Finally, it presents the current global and Indian scenarios regarding renewable energy sources, highlighting the rapid growth and important contributions of renewables in the energy sector.
Solar Energy
Solar energy is a versatile and sustainable energy source derived from the sun's radiant energy. It can be harnessed through photovoltaic cells for electricity generation or solar thermal systems for heating applications. Understanding solar radiation, its types, measurement techniques, and estimation methods is crucial for the efficient design and application of solar energy systems.
Solar Thermal Systems
Solar thermal systems utilize the sun's energy for heating applications, including water and space heating, refrigeration, and power generation. By employing various technologies such as flat plate and evacuated tubular collectors, these systems achieve high efficiency and reduced emissions, promoting sustainable energy use. Furthermore, thermal storage technologies enhance the availability of solar energy, allowing for continuous operation even during cloudy or nighttime conditions.
Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, utilizing solar cells as key components. Various types of solar cells exist, including monocrystalline and thin-film, each with distinct characteristics and efficiencies. The construction of solar modules and arrays allows for scalable power generation, while photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems enhance performance by producing both electricity and heat. Innovations in solar technologies contribute significantly to sustainable energy strategies.
Wind Energy
Wind energy, derived from the kinetic energy of moving air, is a significant component of the global renewable energy landscape. The chapter covers the origin of winds, key concepts in fluid mechanics related to wind energy, turbine aerodynamics, different types of wind turbines, and the components of wind energy conversion systems. It emphasizes the importance of proper siting and environmental considerations for effective wind energy generation.
Fuel Cells
Fuel cells are innovative electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from fuels into electricity, heat, and water through redox reactions. They are distinguished from batteries by their requirement for a continuous supply of fuel and oxidant, enabling applications ranging from portable electronics to power generation. The chapter outlines various types of fuel cells, their operating principles, thermodynamic efficiencies, and advantages over traditional combustion engines.
Biomass Energy
Biomass energy, derived from organic materials, is a renewable energy source capable of supporting various applications including electricity generation and heating. The chapter covers key aspects like the photosynthesis process, types of biofuels, and biomass resources, along with conversion technologies that facilitate the transformation of biomass into usable energy. Additionally, the significance of urban waste-to-energy practices and biomass gasification as methods for energy recovery are highlighted.
Other Forms Of Energy
Nuclear, ocean, and geothermal energy sources represent diverse pathways to sustainable power generation. Each form has unique origins, working principles, and applications, allowing for reliable and environmentally friendly electricity production. Innovations in these energy forms reflect ongoing efforts to harness renewable resources effectively.