5G Physical Layer: Signals, Waveforms, and Key Enablers Channels and Signals/Waveforms in 5G: New Radio (NR) - Advanced Mobile Communications Micro Specialization
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5G Physical Layer: Signals, Waveforms, and Key Enablers Channels and Signals/Waveforms in 5G: New Radio (NR)

5G Physical Layer: Signals, Waveforms, and Key Enablers Channels and Signals/Waveforms in 5G: New Radio (NR)

The chapter on 5G Physical Layer details innovations in mobile communications technology, with a focus on the New Radio (NR) air interface's flexibility and efficiency improvements. It discusses signal waveforms, frame structures, and technologies such as Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Carrier Aggregation, emphasizing their roles in enhancing coverage, capacity, and user experience. The importance of small cells and Dual Connectivity for densification and improved service quality is also outlined, along with the role of FAPI in interoperability within disaggregated networks.

55 sections

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  1. 4
    5g Physical Layer: Signals, Waveforms, And Key Enablers (5 Hours)

    The **5G Physical Layer** is the bedrock of 5G's performance, responsible...

  2. 4.1
    Channels And Signals/waveforms In 5g: New Radio (Nr)

    5G NR introduces innovative waveforms and frame structures to optimize...

  3. 4.1.1
    Nr Waveforms (E.g., Cp-Ofdm, Dft-S-Ofdm)

    This section covers the waveforms used in 5G NR, focusing on CP-OFDM and...

  4. 4.1.1.1
    Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (Cp-Ofdm)

    Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) is the...

  5. 4.1.1.2
    Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (Dft-S-Ofdm)

    DFT-s-OFDM is a waveform used in 5G NR uplink, providing lower...

  6. 4.1.2
    Flexible Frame Structure In Nr

    The section discusses the innovative flexible frame structure in 5G New...

  7. 4.1.2.1

    Numerology in 5G NR is a flexible framework enabling diverse service...

  8. 4.1.2.1.1
    Larger Subcarrier Spacing

    The section covers the significance of larger subcarrier spacing in 5G NR...

  9. 4.1.2.1.2
    Smaller Subcarrier Spacing

    The section discusses the concept and implications of smaller subcarrier...

  10. 4.1.2.2
    Variable Slot Durations

    Variable slot durations in 5G NR allow for flexible communication protocols...

  11. 4.1.2.3
    Self-Contained Slot Structure

    5G NR's Self-Contained Slot Structure enhances transmission flexibility by...

  12. 4.2
    Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (Noma)

    NOMA is a multi-user access technique in 5G that enhances spectral...

  13. 4.2.1
    Principles Of Noma

    The section discusses Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), its principles,...

  14. 4.2.1.1
    Superposition Coding (Sc) At The Transmitter

    This section introduces Superposition Coding (SC) used at the transmitter in...

  15. 4.2.1.2
    Successive Interference Cancellation (Sic) At The Receiver

    This section discusses Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), a...

  16. 4.2.2
    Potential Benefits For Capacity

    NOMA enhances capacity in 5G networks through improved spectral efficiency...

  17. 4.3
    Carrier Aggregation In 5g

    Carrier Aggregation is a vital feature in 5G NR that enhances data rates and...

  18. 4.3.1
    Advanced Techniques For Combining Spectrum

    This section discusses advanced carrier aggregation techniques in 5G NR,...

  19. 4.3.1.1
    More Component Carriers (Ccs)

    5G NR supports a higher number of component carriers than LTE, enhancing...

  20. 4.3.1.2
    Aggregation Of Fr1 And Fr2

    This section explores the aggregation of Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and...

  21. 4.3.1.3
    Aggregating Different Numerologies

    This section explores how 5G NR aggregates different numerologies to...

  22. 4.3.1.4
    Uplink Carrier Aggregation (Ul Ca)

    Uplink Carrier Aggregation (UL CA) is a crucial aspect of 5G NR that...

  23. 4.3.1.5
    Flexible Bandwidth Parts (Bwps)

    Flexible Bandwidth Parts (BWPs) in 5G NR enhance resource allocation...

  24. 4.4

    Small cells are essential in 5G networks for enhancing capacity, coverage,...

  25. 4.4.1
    Role In Densification And Capacity Enhancement

    This section highlights the critical role of small cells in increasing...

  26. 4.4.1.1
    Capacity Enhancement

    This section discusses how 5G enhances capacity through advanced...

  27. 4.4.1.1.1
    Frequency Reuse

    The section discusses the concept of frequency reuse in 5G networks,...

  28. 4.4.1.1.2

    Higher Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) is crucial in 5G...

  29. 4.4.1.2
    Improved Coverage In Challenging Environments

    This section discusses how small cells in 5G networks enhance coverage,...

  30. 4.4.1.3
    Support For Millimeter-Wave (Mmwave) Deployments

    This section provides an overview of how small cells support mmWave...

  31. 4.4.1.4
    Reduced Latency

    This section addresses how 5G technology, particularly through its...

  32. 4.4.1.5
    Heterogeneous Networks (Hetnets)

    Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) in 5G are designed to enhance network...

  33. 4.5
    Dual Connectivity

    Dual Connectivity (DC) in 5G enables User Equipment (UE) to connect...

  34. 4.5.1
    Enabling Seamless Operation Between Different Radio Access Technologies

    This section discusses the dual connectivity feature in 5G networks that...

  35. 4.5.1.1
    Master Cell Group (Mcg) And Secondary Cell Group (Scg)

    This section discusses the concepts of Master Cell Group (MCG) and Secondary...

  36. 4.5.1.2
    Benefits Of Nsa-Dc (And Therefore Dual Connectivity)

    Dual Connectivity in 5G enhances connectivity efficiency by allowing User...

  37. 4.5.1.2.1
    Early 5g Deployment

    This section discusses the early implementations of 5G technology,...

  38. 4.5.1.2.2
    Enhanced Throughput

    Enhanced Throughput refers to the advancements in 5G that enable higher data...

  39. 4.5.1.2.3
    Improved Coverage And Reliability

    This section discusses the advancements in the physical layer of 5G,...

  40. 4.5.1.2.4
    Smooth Migration

    The section discusses Dual Connectivity in 5G, emphasizing its role in...

  41. 4.5.1.3
    Standalone (Sa) Dual Connectivity

    This section discusses Standalone Dual Connectivity in 5G, focusing on its...

  42. 4.6
    Fapi (Phy Api Specification)

    FAPI defines the interface for communication between the MAC and PHY layers...

  43. 4.6.1
    Understanding The Interface For Physical Layer Control

    This section discusses the role and significance of the Front-end...

  44. 4.6.1.1
    Central Unit (Cu)

    This section discusses the importance of the Central Unit (CU) in 5G...

  45. 4.6.1.2
    Distributed Unit (Du)

    The Distributed Unit (DU) plays a critical role in 5G architecture, handling...

  46. 4.6.1.3
    Radio Unit (Ru)

    The Radio Unit (RU) is a crucial component in the 5G NR architecture,...

  47. 4.6.2
    Fapi Specifically Defines The Interface Between The Mac (Medium Access Control) Layer And The Phy (Physical Layer) Within The Distributed Unit (Du).

    FAPI defines the interface between the MAC and PHY layers in 5G...

  48. 4.6.2.1
    Control Messages

    This section explains the Control Messages in the context of FAPI, detailing...

  49. 4.6.2.2
    Data Messages

    This section explores the data messages exchanged between the MAC and PHY...

  50. 4.6.2.3
    Status/indication Messages

    This section delves into status and indication messages between the Physical...

  51. 4.6.3
    Why Is Fapi Important?

    FAPI (Front-end Application Programming Interface) is crucial for ensuring...

  52. 4.6.3.1
    Interoperability

    Interoperability in 5G NR is crucial for seamless communication across...

  53. 4.6.3.2
    Accelerated Innovation

    This section discusses the key innovations in 5G technology, particularly...

  54. 4.6.3.3
    Cost Reduction

    This section discusses strategies for cost reduction in 5G networks focusing...

  55. 4.6.3.4
    Flexibility And Customization

    This section discusses the flexibility and customization capabilities of...

What we have learnt

  • 5G NR's flexible air interface supports varied user demands and service requirements.
  • Innovative waveform techniques like CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM improve performance and power efficiency.
  • NOMA allows concurrent user service with increased spectral efficiency, benefiting high user densities and cell-edge performance.
  • Carrier Aggregation expands capacity and effectiveness by leveraging multiple frequency bands and types.
  • Small cells are vital in achieving ambitious 5G capacity and coverage goals through densification.

Key Concepts

-- 5G New Radio (NR)
The air interface for 5G mobile communications, designed for flexibility across various service requirements.
-- Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (CPOFDM)
The primary waveform for 5G NR used for downlink communications, providing robustness and efficiency.
-- NonOrthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
A radio access technology that allows multiple users to share the same frequency and time resources, differentiated by power levels.
-- Carrier Aggregation (CA)
A technique used to combine multiple frequency bands to achieve higher data rates and better resource utilization.
-- FAPI
A Front-end Application Programming Interface that defines communication protocols between functional blocks of base stations in Open RAN architectures.

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