2.4.2. Sacred Groves - a Wealth of Diverse and Rare Species

Nature worship is an age-old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.

Sacred groves are areas of forest that local communities respect and protect based on spiritual beliefs. These beliefs dictate that nature deserves protection, leading to the preservation of untouched forests, which are often regarded as sacred. The idea is that these areas are not to be disturbed, allowing biodiversity to thrive.

Think of sacred groves like a library that is preserved and respected. Just as a library holds valuable books that we want future generations to read, sacred groves protect unique plants and animals, ensuring they remain for future generations to enjoy.

Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred.

Specific trees hold cultural significance for various tribal communities. For example, during weddings, certain trees are worshipped, showcasing the intertwining of cultural practices with respect for nature. This deep-seated reverence for trees emphasizes their importance beyond just environmental value.

Imagine if certain buildings in a city were treated as sacred. People would not only care for them but also celebrate events there. Similarly, certain trees are integral to cultural events, making them part of the community's identity, just like historic buildings in a city.

Indian society comprises several cultures, each with its own set of traditional methods of conserving nature and its creations. Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants, and animals which are closely protected. You will find troops of macaques and langurs around many temples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of temple devotees. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck, (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.

Different cultures in India have unique ways of showing respect for nature. For example, animals may be fed near temples, creating a community bond with wildlife. The Bishnoi community is well-known for its conservation efforts, notably protecting animals like the blackbuck, reflecting a strong connection between their beliefs and actions.

Think of this as a neighborhood rule where pets are lovingly cared for by everyone. Just as neighbors look after a pet by ensuring it is fed and protected, communities protect wildlife around them as part of their cultural identity.

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