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CBSE 10 Science
Explore and master the fundamentals of CBSE 10 Science
You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.Chapter 1
Chemical Reactions and Equations
The chapter covers the concepts of chemical reactions and equations, detailing various reaction types including combination, decomposition, displacement, and double displacement reactions. It also emphasizes the importance of balancing chemical equations and introduces the concepts of oxidation and reduction in reactions. Essential experiments and activities illustrate these concepts, contributing to a thorough understanding of chemical transformations in everyday life.
Chapter 2
Acids, Bases and Salts
The chapter discusses the properties and reactions of acids, bases, and salts. It explains how indicators can help identify acidic and basic substances, the behavior of these substances in various reactions, and emphasizes the importance of pH in determining their strength. Additionally, it covers the practical applications of these chemical properties in everyday life.
Chapter 3
Metals and Non-metals
Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Metals exhibit characteristics such as metallic luster, malleability, ductility, and good conductivity of heat and electricity, while non-metals display the opposite properties. The chapter extensively discusses the reactivity series of metals, their extraction, and prevention of corrosion, along with distinguishing features of ionic compounds.
Chapter 4
Carbon and its Compounds
The chapter discusses carbon and its compounds, highlighting the significance of carbon in various forms and its ability to form a wide range of chemical compounds through covalent bonding. It covers fundamental concepts of organic compounds, including their structures, properties, reactions, and the roles of carbon in everyday materials like fuels and solvents.
Chapter 5
Life Processes
Life processes in organisms include essential functions such as nutrition, respiration, transportation of materials, and excretion of waste. Different organisms have adapted unique processes for obtaining energy and materials, including autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. The efficiency of these life processes is critical for maintaining the structural organization and overall health of living beings.
Chapter 6
Control and Coordination
The chapter explores the mechanisms of control and coordination in living organisms, emphasizing the roles of nervous and hormonal systems in facilitating responses to environmental stimuli. It discusses how reflex actions, voluntary movements, and hormonal actions contribute to an organism's adaptability and function. The chapter also highlights the differences between animal and plant responses to stimuli, with a focus on the biochemical processes involved in these actions.
Chapter 7
How do Organisms Reproduce?
The chapter explores the mechanisms and significance of reproduction in organisms, highlighting that reproduction, while not essential for individual survival, is vital for the continuation of species. It distinguishes between asexual and sexual reproduction, elaborates on various mechanisms such as fission, budding, vegetative propagation, and the role of DNA in inheritance and variation. The chapter concludes with an overview of human reproductive processes and related health considerations.
Chapter 8
Heredity
Heredity explores the mechanisms through which variations in traits are created and inherited among sexually reproducing organisms. Notably, Mendel's experiments elucidate the principles of dominant and recessive traits, the independent inheritance of characteristics, and the genetic factors determining sex in humans. The chapter emphasizes the crucial role of genetic variation in promoting survival in changing environments.
Chapter 9
Light – Reflection and Refraction
This chapter discusses the fundamental properties of light, focusing on the phenomena of reflection and refraction. It explains how light behaves with mirrors, including spherical mirrors and their applications, as well as the properties and behavior of lenses. The chapter covers key concepts such as the laws of reflection, image formation by mirrors and lenses, and the derivation of mirror and lens formulas, concluding with the concept of power in lenses.
Chapter 10
The Human Eye and the Colourful World
The chapter explores the structure and functioning of the human eye, emphasizing its similarities with a camera in terms of image formation. It discusses the power of accommodation, common refractive defects of vision like myopia and hypermetropia, and their corrections through lenses. Additionally, the chapter covers optical phenomena in nature, such as the dispersion of light, the formation of rainbows, and atmospheric refraction that affects how we perceive light and color.
Chapter 11
Electricity
Electricity is a vital form of energy in modern society, used in various applications including homes and industries. The chapter discusses the principles of electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's law, as well as the heating effect of electric current and its applications. Conceptual understanding is reinforced through activities and examples, focusing on the properties and behavior of electrical circuits.
Chapter 12
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
The chapter explores the relationship between electricity and magnetism, particularly focusing on the magnetic effects of electric currents. It explains how electric currents produce magnetic fields, the behavior of compass needles in magnetic fields, and introduces concepts such as electromagnetism and safety measures in domestic electric circuits. Key principles like the right-hand rule and Fleming’s left-hand rule for determining field directions and forces on conductors are also discussed.
Chapter 13
Our Environment
The chapter explores the interconnections within ecosystems and the impact of human activities on the environment. It delves into the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers while highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, it examines the issues of ozone layer depletion and waste management, emphasizing the significance of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste on environmental health.