2. Acids, Bases and Salts
The chapter discusses the properties and reactions of acids, bases, and salts. It explains how indicators can help identify acidic and basic substances, the behavior of these substances in various reactions, and emphasizes the importance of pH in determining their strength. Additionally, it covers the practical applications of these chemical properties in everyday life.
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What we have learnt
- Acid-base indicators are dyes that indicate the presence of acids and bases.
- Acidic nature is due to the formation of H+ ions, while basic nature is due to OH- ions.
- Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas and a salt.
- Neutralization reactions occur when an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.
- The pH scale measures the strength of acids and bases, with lower values indicating higher acidity.
Key Concepts
- -- Acids
- Substances that donate hydrogen ions (H+) in solution, resulting in an acidic pH.
- -- Bases
- Substances that generate hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution, leading to a basic pH.
- -- pH Scale
- A logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline).
- -- Neutralization Reaction
- A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water.
- -- Water of Crystallization
- The fixed number of water molecules that are part of the crystalline structure of a salt.
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