Detailed Summary
Climate change refers to the variations in the Earth's climate over time, primarily driven by natural processes but increasingly influenced by human activities. Historical geological records outline fluctuating climate periods characterized by glacial and inter-glacial phases. Evidence points to climate variability as a longstanding phenomenon; archaeological data indicate varying climatic conditions in regions like India. The section examines the multiple causes of climate change, categorized broadly into astronomical factors such as solar output and terrestrial processes including volcanism and most notably, anthropogenic effects from greenhouse gas emissions.
Climate Change Mechanisms
Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere, producing a greenhouse effect that warms the planet. Global warming, evident through rising average temperatures and extreme weather events, poses threats such as sea-level rise and societal disruptions. With key measures like the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing emissions, the text underscores the urgent need for global cooperation to address climate change.