2. MICROORGANISMS: FRIEND AND FOE
Microorganisms, or microbes, are tiny living organisms that are not visible to the naked eye, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae. They inhabit diverse environments and can be either beneficial or harmful to humans and the ecosystem. While some microbes play vital roles in processes like fermentation and decomposition, others are responsible for diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Understanding the dual roles of microorganisms is essential for hygiene, food preservation, and medicinal use.
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What we have learnt
- Microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye and can exist in various environments.
- They can be unicellular or multicellular and include groups such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae.
- Some microorganisms are beneficial for food production and cleaning the environment, while others can cause diseases.
Key Concepts
- -- Microorganisms
- Living organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
- -- Pathogens
- Microorganisms that cause diseases in humans, plants, and animals.
- -- Antibiotics
- Medicines derived from microorganisms that inhibit or kill other microbes causing diseases.
- -- Fermentation
- The process by which yeast converts sugar into alcohol, often used in baking and brewing.
- -- Nitrogen Fixation
- The process by which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into compounds usable by plants.
- -- Vaccination
- The process of introducing dead or weakened microbes to boost the immune response against diseases.
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