12.1.A.2. Example 2

A family with a monthly income of ` 20,000 had planned the following expenditures per month under various heads:

This chunk presents a table showing the planned expenditures of a family categorized by different heads. Each head indicates a specific area of spending, and the expenditures are noted in thousands of rupees. For example, they plan to spend 4 thousand rupees on groceries and 5 thousand on rent. This setup helps to clearly understand how much of the monthly income is allocated to each category.

Think of this as a family budgeting scenario. Just like you might organize your monthly allowance into 'snacks', 'toys', 'games', and 'savings', this family is allocating their total income into specific needs. It shows how budgeting works in real life!

We draw the bar graph of this data in the following steps. Note that the unit in the second column is thousand rupees. So, ‘4’ against ‘grocery’ means `4000.

1. We represent the Heads (variable) on the horizontal axis choosing any scale, since the width of the bar is not important. But for clarity, we take equal widths for all bars and maintain equal gaps in between. Let one Head be represented by one unit.

2. We represent the expenditure (value) on the vertical axis. Since the maximum expenditure is 5000, we can choose the scale as 1 unit = 1000.

3. To represent our first Head, i.e., grocery, we draw a rectangular bar with width 1 unit and height 4 units.

4. Similarly, other Heads are represented leaving a gap of 1 unit in between two consecutive bars.

This chunk describes the step-by-step process of creating a bar graph based on the family’s expenditures. First, we establish the horizontal axis for the heads of expenditure and the vertical axis for their monetary value. By choosing simple units and scales—like 1 unit = 1000 rupees—we make it straightforward to graph. Each bar represents an expenditure head with heights corresponding to the amount spent, making the data visually clear.

Imagine you have a jar for each category of your monthly allowance: one jar for 'video games', another for 'snacks', and so on. Each jar represents the amount you plan to save for that specific category. As you fill each jar, it becomes taller and taller, just like the bars on the graph grow taller based on how much you're spending in each area.

Here, you can easily visualize the relative characteristics of the data at a glance, e.g., the expenditure on education is more than double that of medical expenses. Therefore, in some ways it serves as a better representation of data than the tabular form.

This chunk emphasizes the advantage of using a bar graph versus a table. By visually comparing the heights of the bars, one can quickly see which categories have higher or lower expenses. For instance, a tall bar for education vs. a short bar for medicine indicates educational spending exceeds medical costs significantly without needing to sift through numbers.

If you were to read a recipe that lists ingredients by weight, it may take time to figure out which ingredient is the heaviest. However, if you have jars of flour, sugar, and butter side by side, you can simply look at the height of the jars to see which ingredient is the most—just like with the bars in a graph!

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