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This chapter explores real numbers, focusing on the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic and its implications. It establishes that every composite number can be uniquely factored into prime numbers and discusses various applications of this theorem, including the proof of the irrationality of certain numbers. The chapter concludes with exercises and activities designed to reinforce understanding of these concepts.
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Term: Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
Definition: Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes, and this factorization is unique, except for the order of the factors.
Term: Irrational Numbers
Definition: Numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction of two integers, such as the square roots of prime numbers.
Term: Highest Common Factor (HCF)
Definition: The largest positive integer that divides each of the given integers without leaving a remainder.
Term: Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
Definition: The smallest positive integer that is divisible by each of the given integers.