2.1.3 - How do Metal Carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates React with Acids?

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Reactions of Metal Carbonates

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Teacher
Teacher

Today, we're discussing how metal carbonates react with acids. Let's start with sodium carbonate. What do you think happens when we add hydrochloric acid to it?

Student 1
Student 1

Maybe it will fizz or something?

Teacher
Teacher

That's right! It actually produces bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. This can be shown in the reaction: Na2CO3 plus HCl forms NaCl, water, and CO2.

Student 2
Student 2

Is that the same for all metal carbonates?

Teacher
Teacher

Yes! All metal carbonates will react similarly with acids, producing a salt, CO2, and water. Remember the acronym 'SCO2W' to help you remember: Salt, Carbon Dioxide, and Water.

Student 3
Student 3

What do we observe when CO2 is produced?

Teacher
Teacher

Good question, Student_3! The gas can be identified by passing it through lime water, which turns milky, indicating the presence of calcium carbonate.

Student 4
Student 4

How do you write the chemical equation for that?

Teacher
Teacher

The equation for sodium carbonate reacting with hydrochloric acid is: Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2. Let's summarize: metal carbonates produce salts, CO2, and water when reacting with acids.

Reactions of Metal Hydrogencarbonates

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Teacher
Teacher

Let’s now talk about sodium hydrogencarbonate. What do you think happens when we add it to hydrochloric acid, Student_2?

Student 2
Student 2

I think it will do something like sodium carbonate!

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! It will also produce CO2, along with a salt and water. The reaction is: NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2.

Student 1
Student 1

So all hydrogencarbonates react with acids similarly?

Teacher
Teacher

Yes, they all produce a salt, CO2, and water. This is a key point to remember about hydrogencarbonates.

Student 3
Student 3

What’s a practical application of this?

Teacher
Teacher

A common use is in antacids which help neutralize stomach acid. Remember by using the phrase 'Get relief with NaHCO3!' This highlights its neutralizing ability.

Student 4
Student 4

Can we see the CO2 reaction as well?

Teacher
Teacher

Certainly! Like before, if we pass the evolved CO2 through lime water, you will again see it turn milky. It's a classic reaction!

Introduction & Overview

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Quick Overview

This section discusses how metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acids, resulting in the formation of salts, carbon dioxide, and water.

Standard

In this section, we learn that metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acids to produce corresponding salts, carbon dioxide, and water. Specific experiments demonstrate these reactions, emphasizing the chemical equations involved and the observable results when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water.

Detailed

  • Reactions of Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates:
  • Both metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acidic solutions, yielding a salt, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).
  • Experiments Overview:
  • Two test tubes were prepared: one containing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and the other containing sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3).
  • Upon adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) to each, carbon dioxide gas was evolved.
  • Passing this gas through lime water confirmed its presence since it causes the lime water to turn milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
  • Chemical Reactions:
  • For sodium carbonate: Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
  • For sodium hydrogencarbonate: NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
  • When excess CO2 is passed through lime water, calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) forms, which is soluble in water.
  • Conclusion:
  • These reactions showcase the consistent behavior of both metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates in interactions with acids, highlighting their role in everyday chemical processes.

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Audio Book

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Introduction to Metal Carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates with Acids

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Take two test tubes, label them as A and B. Take about 0.5 g of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in test tube A and about 0.5 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) in test tube B. Add about 2 mL of dilute HCl to both the test tubes. What do you observe? Pass the gas produced in each case through lime water (calcium hydroxide solution) as shown in the figure and record your observations.

Detailed Explanation

In this experiment, we examine how two types of substances, sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate, react when they come into contact with an acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). Each test tube demonstrates how these compounds release a gas when they react with an acid, which we will later examine for its properties. This setup enables us to observe the differences in reactions and products formed from each compound when added to the same acid.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine you have two friends, one loves to fizz soda (sodium carbonate, like dry ice) and the other prefers a bubbly drink (sodium hydrogencarbonate). When both friends are given a sour lemonade (HCl), they both start fizzing and bubbling, showing their excitement! This fizzing is similar to the gas produced in our experiment.

Chemical Reactions with Sodium Carbonate

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The reactions occurring in the above Activity are written as –
Test tube A: Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Detailed Explanation

This equation showcases the reaction between sodium carbonate in test tube A and hydrochloric acid. When these two substances combine, they react to produce sodium chloride (table salt), water, and carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide is the gas that bubbles out, which we can observe during the experiment. This demonstrates a key reaction where a carbonate reacts with an acid to release carbon dioxide, forming salt and water.

Examples & Analogies

Think of making a fizzy drink at home. When you mix vinegar (an acid) with baking soda (a carbonate), you see lots of bubbles and fizz. This is because the acid is reacting with the carbonate to release carbon dioxide, just like in our experiment.

Chemical Reactions with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate

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Test tube B: NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Detailed Explanation

In test tube B, sodium hydrogencarbonate reacts similarly to sodium carbonate but with only one molecule of hydrochloric acid. This reaction also produces sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas. This shows that both sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate react with acids, but the amount of acid needed and the reactions differ slightly. The production of carbon dioxide is a common outcome when these compounds react with acids.

Examples & Analogies

You can think of sodium hydrogencarbonate as being like baking powder used in baking. Just like how it creates bubbles in dough when mixed with acidic ingredients, here, it also creates bubbles in our test tube when it meets with hydrochloric acid, indicating a lively interaction!

Observations with Lime Water

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On passing the carbon dioxide gas evolved through lime water, Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) (Lime water) (White precipitate)

Detailed Explanation

Lime water is a solution of calcium hydroxide, which turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide—indicating the formation of calcium carbonate. After we pass the gas from the reactions into lime water, we can observe a distinct change, confirming the presence of carbon dioxide. This is a classic test for carbon dioxide, highlighting its significance in these reactions.

Examples & Analogies

This reaction is like an experiment you might do at a fair, where you blow bubbles into a clear liquid and it turns white. In science, we do something similar to identify gases. Just as the gas from our reactions turns the lime water cloudy, the bubbles show the presence of something new—carbon dioxide!

Summary of Reactions

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Thus, the reaction can be summarised as –
Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogencarbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

Detailed Explanation

In summary, when metal carbonates or hydrogencarbonates react with acids, they produce salts, carbon dioxide, and water. This general equation applies to various metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates, allowing us to predict the products of similar reactions in practical applications and chemical studies.

Examples & Analogies

Think of making pizza dough. The dough (metal carbonate/hydrogencarbonate) interacts with the tomato sauce (acid) to create a delicious pie (salt), while the bubbling of the sauce indicates the formation of flavors (carbon dioxide and water). This simple analogy helps illustrate the transformation and end result of our chemical reaction!

Definitions & Key Concepts

Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.

Key Concepts

  • Metal Carbonates: React with acids producing salts, carbon dioxide, and water.

  • Metal Hydrogencarbonates: Also yield salts and CO2 upon reacting with acids.

  • Lime Water Test: Used to confirm the presence of carbon dioxide in reactions.

Examples & Real-Life Applications

See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.

Examples

  • When sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, it produces sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

  • Sodium hydrogencarbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to yield sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

Memory Aids

Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • Metal carbonates and acids do align, salt and CO2 will surely shine!

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Once upon a time, a chemist mixed a carbonate with an acid, and much to his surprise, bubbles formed—carbon dioxide danced in joy as the salt crystallized along with water!

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Remember the acronym SCAW: Salts, Carbon Dioxide, Acids, Water to recall what happens in these reactions.

🎯 Super Acronyms

CARB for Carbonate And Reaction with Acid, generating Bubbles!

Flash Cards

Review key concepts with flashcards.

Glossary of Terms

Review the Definitions for terms.

  • Term: Metal Carbonate

    Definition:

    A compound composed of a metal ion and a carbonate ion that reacts with acids to produce a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

  • Term: Metal Hydrogencarbonate

    Definition:

    A compound consisting of a metal ion and a hydrogencarbonate ion that also reacts with acids to yield a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

  • Term: Salt

    Definition:

    A product formed when an acid reacts with a base or a carbonate, typically characterized by ionic bonds.

  • Term: Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

    Definition:

    A colorless gas produced during the reaction of carbonates or hydrogencarbonates with acids, identifiable by its ability to turn lime water milky.