7.1 - What is Modelling?
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Introduction to Modelling
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Good afternoon class! Today, we will explore the concept of modelling in Artificial Intelligence. Can anyone tell me what they think modelling means?
Is it like creating something based on real-world examples?
That's right! Modelling is about creating representations of real-world scenarios so that machines can learn from them. Think of it like how we create models in our minds to solve problems.
What kind of data do we collect for modelling?
Great question! We collect data that is relevant to the scenario we are modelling, such as features and labels. Does anyone remember what features might be when modelling fruits?
Color, weight, and shape could be features!
Exactly! These features help the machine learn to differentiate, for instance, between apples and oranges. Remember the acronym P.A.C.T. - Patterns, Analysis, Collection, Training to help you recall the core steps of modelling.
Can we use modelling for more than just identifying fruits?
Absolutely! Modelling can be applied to various fields like healthcare or finance. At the end of the day, modelling is about making sense of data to learn and make decisions.
The Modelling Process
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Now that we understand what modelling is, let’s break down the process of creating a model. What's the first step?
Isn’t it identifying the problem we want to solve?
Exactly! Problem identification is crucial. Next, we need to gather relevant data. What should we consider when collecting data?
The data should be clean and relevant to the problem.
Yes! Clean data is essential for training a good model. Then, we preprocess the data. Does anyone know what 'data preprocessing' involves?
Maybe cleaning or normalizing it?
Spot on! It's about ensuring the data is ready for the model. Next, we select our model or algorithm. What examples do we have?
I remember Linear Regression and Decision Trees!
Correct! Next, we train the model. We feed it the data we've prepared, then test it to see how well it learned. Finally, we deploy the model in real-world applications. Remember the acronym D.P.A.T.T. - Data, Preprocessing, Algorithm, Training, Testing - to recall the steps!
Types of Modelling
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Let’s now discuss the types of modelling used in AI. Who can share how descriptive modelling and predictive modelling differ?
Descriptive modelling is about understanding past data, right?
Exactly! Descriptive modelling finds patterns within existing data. And what about predictive modelling?
It focuses on forecasting future outcomes!
Right again! Predictive modelling uses past data to make future predictions. Can you think of real-life applications for each?
Descriptive could be used in market segmentation, and predictive in predicting house prices?
Perfect examples! Remember the mnemonic P.E.R. for Predictive, Explore, Result to help you distinguish the purposes of each type.
Introduction & Overview
Read summaries of the section's main ideas at different levels of detail.
Quick Overview
Standard
Modelling is critical in AI as it allows systems to learn from data. This process includes data collection, pattern analysis, building mathematical structures, and training machines to predict outcomes, akin to how humans learn from examples.
Detailed
In Artificial Intelligence, modelling is an essential process that translates real-world scenarios into mathematical or logical representations, enabling machines to learn and make informed predictions or decisions. It consists of several key steps: data collection, where relevant information is gathered; pattern analysis, which identifies trends in the data; the construction of logical or mathematical frameworks; and training the machine to recognize or predict outcomes based on the gathered data. An example of modelling would be training a model to differentiate between apples and oranges using features like color and weight, allowing the model to make classifications based on learned differences. Understanding modelling's importance, types, and processes is vital for AI development, as it underpins effective learning and automation.
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Definition of Modelling
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Chapter Content
Modelling refers to the process of:
• Collecting data
• Analyzing patterns
• Building a logic or mathematical structure
• Training the machine to recognize or predict outcomes
Detailed Explanation
Modelling in AI is a systematic approach comprising several steps that work together to teach machines. First, data is collected, which serves as the foundation for everything else. Next, patterns within the data are analyzed to understand how different factors influence each other. Following that, a structure—often mathematical or logical—is crafted based on these patterns. Finally, the machine is trained using this structure so that it can recognize similar patterns in new data or make accurate predictions.
Examples & Analogies
Think of modelling like a coach training a football team. The coach gathers various data about the players’ performances (collecting data), analyzes their strengths and weaknesses (analyzing patterns), and devises a strategy to improve their skills (building a logic or mathematical structure). The training sessions that follow help the players learn this strategy so they can perform better in matches (training the machine).
Analogy to Student Learning
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Chapter Content
In simple terms, it is like training a student using various examples (data), so they can solve similar problems on their own later (prediction or classification).
Detailed Explanation
When we model in AI, the approach can be likened to teaching a student. Educators provide students with numerous examples and exercises, which help them grasp concepts or solve problems. Similarly, a machine learns from provided data, which serves as examples of the relationships and outcomes it needs to understand. Once trained, just as a student can apply what they've learned to new questions, the machine can apply its training to new data.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine a student learning mathematics. The teacher first provides several examples of addition problems and explains the methods to solve them. After enough practice, the student can solve new addition problems independently. Similarly, a machine learns to identify whether a fruit is an apple or an orange by being shown many examples of both, allowing it to independently classify new fruits later.
Example of Fruit Classification
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Chapter Content
Suppose you want to build a model to identify whether a fruit is an apple or an orange. You provide the machine with features (data) like:
• Color
• Weight
• Shape
Using this data, the machine learns how apples differ from oranges and can later predict new fruits correctly.
Detailed Explanation
In this example, we want to train a model to differentiate between apples and oranges. We collect specific features about these fruits, such as their color, weight, and shape. The model analyzes this data to understand the common characteristics of each fruit. After training on this data, the machine learns the distinguishing features, enabling it to accurately classify new fruits it encounters based on the knowledge it gained.
Examples & Analogies
Consider a fruit vendor who sorts apples and oranges. The vendor notices that apples are generally red or green, heavier, and round, while oranges are typically orange, lighter, and spherical. Over time, the vendor becomes adept at identifying fruits just by looking at them. Similarly, a model learns these characteristics to classify unknown fruits reliably.
Key Concepts
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Modelling: The essential process through which AI systems learn from data.
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Descriptive Modelling: A focus on analyzing past data to find patterns.
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Predictive Modelling: Aimed at forecasting future events based on historical data.
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Data Preprocessing: The methods used to prepare raw data for meaningful interpretation.
Examples & Applications
Modelling a fruit recognition system using features like color, weight, and shape to classify fruits.
Predicting house prices based on historical data of similar properties.
Memory Aids
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Rhymes
When you model, remember PACT; Patterns, Analysis, Collection, Training is a fact!
Stories
Imagine a gardener who wants to grow the best apples. He collects soil samples (data), analyzes them (patterns), prepares the ground (structure), and plants the seeds (training). Soon he can tell by sight which trees will produce the biggest apples (predictions)!
Memory Tools
Use D.P.A.T.T. – Data, Preprocessing, Algorithm, Training, Testing, Deployment to remember the steps in modelling.
Acronyms
Remember P.E.R. for Predictive, Explore, Result for types of modelling.
Flash Cards
Glossary
- Modelling
The process of creating mathematical or logical representations to help machines learn from data.
- Data Collection
The process of gathering relevant data to train a model.
- Pattern Analysis
Identifying trends and correlations in collected data.
- Algorithm
A mathematical method or formula used to train a model.
- Training
The process of feeding data into a model for it to learn from.
- Testing
Evaluating a model's performance on unseen data.
- Descriptive Modelling
A type of modelling that focuses on analyzing past data.
- Predictive Modelling
A type of modelling aimed at predicting future outcomes based on past data.
- Data Preprocessing
The techniques used to clean and prepare data for model training.
Reference links
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