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3.5 - KEYWORDS

Interactive Audio Lesson

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Types of Natural Resources

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Teacher
Teacher

Today we learn about natural resources. Can anyone tell me the two types of natural resources?

Student 1
Student 1

I think there are inexhaustible resources and exhaustible resources.

Teacher
Teacher

Great! Inexhaustible resources, like sunlight and air, are available in unlimited quantities. What about exhaustible resources?

Student 2
Student 2

They can be depleted, like coal and petroleum.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Remember the acronym IEP - Inexhaustible, Exhaustible, Petroleum, which will help you recall these categories. Let's dive deeper into exhaustible resources!

Formation of Coal

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Teacher
Teacher

Now let's explore coal. How is coal formed?

Student 3
Student 3

Is it from plants that died millions of years ago?

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Coal forms from the remains of vegetation under pressure and heat. This process is called carbonization. Does anyone know why it's called a fossil fuel?

Student 4
Student 4

Because it comes from ancient organic matter!

Teacher
Teacher

Yes! Remember, fossil fuels are like nature’s stored energy! We use coal for heating, electricity, and more.

Petroleum and Its Products

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Teacher
Teacher

Let's move on to petroleum. How is petroleum formed?

Student 1
Student 1

From sea organisms, right?

Teacher
Teacher

Correct! They sink, get covered with sand and clay, and undergo a slow transformation under heat and pressure. What products do we get from refining petroleum?

Student 2
Student 2

Petrol, diesel, and kerosene!

Teacher
Teacher

Great! Use the mnemonic 'P D K' for Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene! These fuels are crucial for transportation and energy.

Impact of Fossil Fuels

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Teacher
Teacher

As we use fossil fuels, what should we be aware of?

Student 3
Student 3

They can cause pollution and are limited resources.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! It's vital to use them wisely. Can anyone list some tips to conserve?

Student 4
Student 4

Driving efficiently and switching off engines are some tips.

Teacher
Teacher

Excellent! Remember, use the acronym C.E. - Conservation for Environment to remind us of our duty to care for our planet.

By-products of Coal

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Teacher
Teacher

Finally, let’s discuss coal by-products. What can we get from coal?

Student 1
Student 1

Coke, coal gas, and coal tar!

Teacher
Teacher

Perfect! Coke is mainly used in steel production. Can anyone tell me about coal tar?

Student 2
Student 2

It’s used in making chemicals and dyes!

Teacher
Teacher

Excellent! Remember, ‘C.C.C’ for Coke, Coal, and Coal Tar to recall their significance!

Introduction & Overview

Read a summary of the section's main ideas. Choose from Basic, Medium, or Detailed.

Quick Overview

This section discusses exhaustible natural resources, specifically coal and petroleum, highlighting their formation, uses, and importance.

Standard

The section outlines the classification of natural resources into inexhaustible and exhaustible types, focusing on coal and petroleum as fossil fuels formed from ancient organisms. It describes their uses in various industries, their processing, and the implications of their limited availability, advocating for conservation practices.

Detailed

Detailed Summary

This section emphasizes the concept of natural resources, categorizing them as inexhaustible and exhaustible. Inexhaustible resources like sunlight and air are abundant in nature, whereas exhaustible resources like coal and petroleum are finite and can be depleted through human activities.

Coal, a fossil fuel formed from decomposed vegetation under high pressure and temperature, serves various purposes including cooking, electricity generation, and industrial uses. The carbonization process is essential in transforming organic material into coal. Additionally, the section outlines the by-products of coal such as coke, coal gas, and coal tar, detailing their specific applications.

Petroleum, formed from marine organisms, is another critical fossil fuel, refined into various products like petrol and diesel. This process involves separating different fractions to obtain usable fuels and chemicals. The significance of natural gas, especially as CNG for cleaner energy, is also addressed. The section concludes by stressing the necessity for judicious use of these resources to mitigate pollution and prolong their availability, advocating practical conservation tips.

Youtube Videos

Grade 8 | Science | Coal and Petroleum | Free Tutorial | CBSE | ICSE | State Board
Grade 8 | Science | Coal and Petroleum | Free Tutorial | CBSE | ICSE | State Board
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Story of Coal | Class 8 Coal And Petroleum - LearnFatafat
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Coal and Petroleum Chapter 3 || Class 8 Science || New Book || Keywords and Questions - Answers
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Coal and Petroleum - Complete Chapter | Mindmap with Explanation | Class 8
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NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum | NSO | NSTSE | Olympiad
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Coal and Petroleum | Science | Energy Resources | Class 8 | CBSE | NCERT | ICSE
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Class 8 | Coal & Petroleum | CBSE Board | Civics | Home Revise
Coal And Petroleum - Full Chapter | Class 8 Science Chapter 5 | TicTacLearn English | Class 8
Coal And Petroleum - Full Chapter | Class 8 Science Chapter 5 | TicTacLearn English | Class 8

Audio Book

Dive deep into the subject with an immersive audiobook experience.

Coal

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Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food. Earlier, it was used in railway engines to produce steam to run the engine. It is also used in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Coal is also used as a fuel in various industries.

Detailed Explanation

Coal is a vital source of energy used worldwide. It serves various purposes such as cooking, generating electricity in power plants, and fueling industries. Understanding the significance of coal helps acknowledge its role in our daily lives and the economy.

Examples & Analogies

Think of coal as the 'bread and butter' of energy sources—it’s fundamental, just like how bread is a staple food in many diets. Much like bread fuels our bodies, coal fuels many of our machines and power plants.

Coal Gas

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Coal gas is obtained during the processing of coal to get coke. It is used as a fuel in many industries situated near the coal processing plants.

Detailed Explanation

Coal gas is produced when coal is heated to create coke, which is a carbon-rich material used in steel production. This gas plays a significant role in various industries by serving as a source of heat. The extraction and utilization of coal gas highlight the interconnectedness of different fossil fuel products.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine a bakery. When bread is baked, it doesn’t just produce bread; it creates heat and other byproducts that can be used in other recipes. Similar to that, processing coal generates not just coke, but also useful coal gas.

Coal Tar

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Coal tar is a black, thick liquid with an unpleasant smell. It is a mixture of about 200 substances. Products obtained from coal tar are used as starting materials for manufacturing various substances used in everyday life and in industry, like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc.

Detailed Explanation

Coal tar is a valuable byproduct of coal processing, consisting of various chemicals that are essential for producing everyday products. From dyes to roofing materials, coal tar's applications are widespread, showcasing its importance in different industries.

Examples & Analogies

Consider coal tar like a treasure chest filled with different items. Each item, or chemical compound, inside can be used for different purposes, just as a chest might hold toys, clothes, and books, each valuable in its own way.

Coke

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Coke is a tough, porous and black substance. It is an almost pure form of carbon. Coke is used in the manufacture of steel and in the extraction of many metals.

Detailed Explanation

Coke is primarily used in the metallurgical industry, particularly in steel production. Its properties make it essential for breaking down iron ore to produce iron, forming the backbone of construction and manufacturing industries.

Examples & Analogies

Think of coke as the skeleton in the body of metallurgy—it provides the essential support needed to create stronger structures, much like how our bones support our bodies.

Natural Gas

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Natural gas is a very important fossil fuel because it is easy to transport through pipes. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG). CNG is used for power generation. It is now being used as a fuel for transport vehicles because it is less polluting. It is a cleaner fuel.

Detailed Explanation

Natural gas, when compressed, becomes a more convenient and cleaner option for energy. It’s increasingly favored for transportation and power generation due to its lower emissions compared to other fossil fuels. Recognizing the benefits of natural gas helps in understanding energy transitions toward cleaner resources.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine natural gas like a well-organized library. Just as books can be easily accessed and stored without making a mess, natural gas is safe and efficient to transport and use, reducing pollution, like a library reducing clutter in your community.

Petroleum

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Petroleum is a dark oily liquid. It has an unpleasant odour. It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc.

Detailed Explanation

Petroleum, known as 'black gold', contains various useful substances that are critical in our daily lives, from fuels for vehicles to materials for household products. Understanding petroleum’s complex nature and its benefits showcases its significance in modern society.

Examples & Analogies

Think of petroleum as a multi-tool: just like a multi-tool combines several functions in one gadget, petroleum combines many useful products in one resource, making it exceptionally valuable for various applications.

Definitions & Key Concepts

Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.

Key Concepts

  • Fossil Fuels: Energy resources formed from ancient organic matter over millions of years.

  • Coal Formation: Results from carbonization of ancient vegetation under heat and pressure.

  • Petroleum Products: Crude oil is refined into various fuels and by-products.

Examples & Real-Life Applications

See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.

Examples

  • Coal is primarily used in electricity generation and cooking.

  • Petrol and diesel are fuels derived from petroleum used in vehicles.

Memory Aids

Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • Coal is black, found in stack, a fossil fuel, that's a fact!

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Imagine ancient forests sinking under layers of earth; their once-living matter becomes coal, sitting like treasure waiting to fuel our world.

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • P D K - for Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, three fuels from petroleum.

🎯 Super Acronyms

C.E. - Conservation for Environment, remember to save fossil fuels.

Flash Cards

Review key concepts with flashcards.

Glossary of Terms

Review the Definitions for terms.

  • Term: Coal

    Definition:

    A hard, black fossil fuel formed from ancient vegetation.

  • Term: Coal Gas

    Definition:

    A flammable gas produced during coal processing.

  • Term: Coal Tar

    Definition:

    A thick liquid by-product of coal processing containing various substances.

  • Term: Coke

    Definition:

    A high-carbon solid used primarily in steel production.

  • Term: Fossil Fuel

    Definition:

    Natural fuels formed from the remains of ancient organisms.

  • Term: Natural Gas

    Definition:

    A fossil fuel consisting mainly of methane, used for heating and power generation.

  • Term: Petroleum

    Definition:

    A liquid fossil fuel obtained from drilling in the earth.

  • Term: Refinery

    Definition:

    A facility that processes crude oil into useful products.