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4. COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Combustion involves the chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen, resulting in heat and light. Various fuels such as wood, coal, and LPG are used for different purposes, impacting both energy efficiency and environmental safety. The chapter also covers the conditions for combustion, types of flames produced, and methods for controlling fire, emphasizing safety measures and environmental considerations related to fuel consumption.

Sections

  • 4

    Combustion And Flame

    This section discusses combustion, the types of fuels, conditions for combustion, and fire control techniques.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.1

    What Is Combustion?

    Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen, producing heat and light.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2

    How Do We Control Fire?

    This section explains the essential requirements for fire, methods to control it, and the types of fire extinguishers used.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3

    Types Of Combustion

    This section discusses different types of combustion, including rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion, and explosions, along with their characteristics.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.4

    Flame

    This section delves into the phenomenon of flame produced during combustion, exploring its characteristics and structure.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.5

    Structure Of A Flame

    The structure of a flame is composed of different zones, including the dark zone, luminous zone, and non-luminous zone, each exhibiting distinct characteristics.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.6

    What Is A Fuel?

    Fuels are materials that release energy through combustion, and a good fuel is inexpensive, burns easily, and produces considerable heat without leaving harmful residues.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.7

    Fuel Efficiency

    Fuel efficiency refers to the amount of heat energy produced from fuels and compares their calorific values.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.7.1

    Burning Of Fuels Leads To Harmful Products

    The combustion of fuels, such as wood and gasoline, results in various harmful emissions that impact the environment.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.8

    Keywords

    This section explores the concept of combustion, the requirements for fire, and the types and impacts of fuels.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.9

    What You Have Learnt

    This section discusses the processes and importance of combustion, types of fuels, and the necessary conditions for combustion to occur.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.10

    Exercises

    This section provides exercises related to combustion and flame, aiming to reinforce understanding of key concepts through practical application.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.11

    Extended Learning — Activities And Projects

    This section encourages practical exploration and deeper understanding of combustion and fuels through engaging activities and projects.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Substances that burn in air...
  • Oxygen (in air) is essentia...
  • During combustion, heat and...

Final Test

Revision Tests

Chapter FAQs